New Evidence for Methane a Sign of Extraterrestrial Life

Article by Sarah Kahle                                       February 10, 2021                                       (dailyuw.com)

• Scientists know that methane is produced two ways: first by living biological microbes converting carbon monoxide into methane, and second by volcanos and deep sea hydrothermal vents. A biologically active exoplanet – the kind that astronomers search star systems for – could be detected by its abundance of methane.

• The James Webb Space Telescope (pictured above) is set to launch October 2021, and will replace the aging Hubble telescope in space. The Webb telescope is particularly adept at detecting atmospheric methane on distant exoplanets.

• A team led by UW postdoctoral student Nick Wogan set out to determine whether volcanic gas emissions on terrestrial exoplanets were abundant enough to disguise any biologically produced methane, and why an abundance of methane might be a potential indication of life. “We wanted to understand whether if we look at another planet, if we see methane there, is that because of life, or is that because of some weird volcano that also produces methane?” Wogan said. The team ran many combinations of simulations that modeled a wide range of volcanic chemistries possible for a terrestrial planet.

• The researchers found that while volcanic activity did produce methane, they weren’t capable of producing abundances anywhere near the level of biogenic methane. Further, if an abundance of methane in an atmosphere did come from volcanic activity, it would be indicated by an abundance of carbon monoxide as well, which the telescopes can detect.

• Therefore, the detection of proportionately large amount of methane in an exoplanet’s atmosphere might indeed be an indication that Earth-like organisms exist there. Large amounts of oxygen-rich gases, such as carbon dioxide and water vapor, alongside the methane would strengthen the possibility of a life-supporting biosignature. Says Wogan, “Really, our best shot of finding evidence of life on another planet is probably seeing the combination of methane and carbon dioxide.”

• Another indication of methane-producing bacteria or other similar lifeforms would be a proportionately low level of carbon monoxide which is consumed and converted by bacteria.

• The research group’s findings will be particularly helpful to astronomers analyzing exoplanetary atmospheres with the James Webb Space Telescope, and may be instrumental in finding extraterrestrial methane biosignatures.

 

                 Nick Wogan

A team led by UW postdoctoral student Nick Wogan has published a paper explaining why an abundance of methane in the atmosphere of an exoplanet (any planet orbiting a star other than the Sun) might be a potential indication of life.

Scientists typically search for molecular oxygen as an indication of life (or of conditions favorable to life) on other planets, but unfortunately, the James Webb Space Telescope, set to launch October 2021, isn’t well equipped to detect it in the atmospheres of faraway planets. The new telescope, however, intended to replace the aging Hubble, is particularly adept at detecting atmospheric methane and carbon dioxide abundances.

During the Archean, an eon early in Earth’s history, the first microbes developed and began to convert carbon monoxide into methane. This process continues today. As a result, methane began to build up in the atmosphere and has remained as an indication of biologic activity on Earth ever since.

However, life is not the only process we know of that can produce methane. Volcanism, deep sea hydrothermal vents, and meteor impacts can all generate methane as well. Wogan set out to determine whether volcanic gas emissions on terrestrial exoplanets were abundant enough to disguise any biologically produced methane.

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biological microbes, biosignature, deep-sea hydrothermal vents, exoplanets, James Webb Space Telescope, methane, Nick Wogan, volcanos


ExoNews Editor

Duke Brickhouse is a former trial lawyer and entertainment attorney who has refocused his life’s work to exposing the truth of our subjugated planet and to help raise humanity’s collective consciousness at this crucial moment in our planet’s history, in order to break out of the dark and negative false reality that is preventing the natural development of our species, to put our planet on a path of love, light and harmony in preparation for our species’ ascension to a fourth density, and to ultimately take our rightful place in the galactic community.

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