Jupiter | Exo News

NASA’s Europa Clipper Mission Gets Launch Date

March 2, 2021
ExoNews Editor

Article by Paul Rincon February 11, 2021 (bbc.com)

• NASA has conformed that in October 2024, it will send the Europa Clipper spacecraft to Jupiter’s icy moon Europa (pictured above), scheduled to arrive there in April 2030. Europa holds an ocean under its frozen outer shell and is regarded as one of the most promising targets in the search for life elsewhere in our solar system.

• During a virtual meeting of NASA’s ‘Outer Planets Assessment Group’ organized by Arizona State University, project scientist Dr. Robert Pappalardo stated: “Europa’s about the size of Earth’s moon, yet we think it contains twice as much water as all of Earth’s oceans.”

• The spacecraft was to have launched on NASA’s Space Launch System rocket. But that has now changed to the use of a commercial launch vehicle.

• Interest in Europa as a potential habitat for extra-terrestrial life was given a boost in the 1990s, when NASA’s Galileo spacecraft provided evidence that Europa harbored an ocean of liquid water beneath its outer shell. Europa probably has a rocky core surrounded by around 50 miles of liquid water covered by a shell of water-ice that’s roughly 12 miles thick.

• “At the bottom of the Earth’s oceans are places where water and rock interact, where water seeps down, contacts hot rock and emerges charged with chemical nutrients – reductants,” said Dr. Pappalardo. When these reductants get together with other chemicals called oxidants, they react. These reactions could, “potentially power life at the ocean floor of Europa – even where there is no light to allow for photosynthesis”.

• The Europa Clipper spacecraft will get close enough to analyze chemicals in the frozen water that has welled up to the surface from beneath the ice shell and sample the water plumes spurting out into space from the Jovian moon.

A mission to study a moon of Jupiter that could be home to extra-terrestrial life has been given a launch date.

Nasa is sending a spacecraft to the icy world of Europa, which holds an ocean under its frozen outer shell.

Scientists have long regarded the moon as one of the most promising targets in the search for life elsewhere in our Solar System.

The Europa Clipper spacecraft will now launch to the jovian moon in October 2024, arriving in April 2030.

The spacecraft was to have launched on Nasa’s Space Launch System (SLS) rocket. But the space agency is reported to no longer be considering that launch vehicle.

It will instead lift off on a commercial rocket.

The details were disclosed by the mission’s project scientist, Dr Robert Pappalardo, during a virtual meeting of Nasa’s Outer Planets Assessment Group (Opag).

“We now have clarity on the launch vehicle path and launch date,” Dr Pappalardo, who is based at the space agency’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California, told the meeting.

Interest in the moon as a potential habitat for extra-terrestrial life was given a boost in the 1990s, when Nasa’s Galileo spacecraft provided evidence that Europa harboured an ocean of liquid water beneath its outer shell.

Europa probably has a rocky core surrounded by around 80km (50 miles) of liquid water covered by a shell of water-ice that’s roughly 20km (12 miles) thick.

“Europa’s about the size of Earth’s moon, yet we think it contains twice as much water as all of Earth’s oceans,” Dr Pappalardo said during a virtual talk organised by Arizona State University (ASU) last week.

Discussing the moon’s potential for life, he said: “At the bottom of the Earth’s oceans are places where water and rock interact, where water seeps down, contacts hot rock and emerges charged with chemical nutrients – reductants.”

READ ENTIRE ARTICLE

FAIR USE NOTICE: This page contains copyrighted material the use of which has not been specifically authorized by the copyright owner. ExoNews.org distributes this material for the purpose of news reporting, educational research, comment and criticism, constituting Fair Use under 17 U.S.C § 107. Please contact the Editor at ExoNews with any copyright issue.

Strange Radio Signal Discovered Coming From Jupiter’s Moon

January 21, 2021
ExoNews Editor

Article by Chris Ciaccia January 12, 2021 (foxnews.com)

• In 2018, NASA researchers monitoring the Galileo Probe spacecraft observed extraordinary electromagnetic waves, or “chorus waves,” on Jupiter’s moon, Ganymede. NASA recently published in the scientific journal Geophysical Research Letters that NASA’s Jupiter space probe ‘Juno’ (pictured above) detected a “decametric radio emission” as it traveled over Jupiter’s polar region at a speed of 111,847 mph. The radio emission lasted for only five seconds, but it was enough time to confirm the source.

• “It’s not ET,” says NASA’s Patrick Wiggins. “It’s more of a natural function.” Electrons spiraling in Jupiter’s magnetic field are thought to be the cause of the radio noise. Scientists have known about radio waves on Jupiter since the mid-1950s, but this is the first time the phenomenon has ever been seen emanating from Ganymede.

• The Juno spacecraft launched in 2011and was scheduled to stop functioning in July 2021. But NASA recently extended the duration of the Juno mission around Jupiter to September 2025, if it survives that long. During its mission, Juno has made a number of discoveries and captured remarkable images of the planet and its moons. Juno will continue to observe the gas giant and its rings, and is planned to make close flybys of moons Ganymede, Europa and Io.

• Ganymede, the largest of Jupiter’s moons, has long fascinated astronomers. In 2015, NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope spotted evidence that Ganymede has an underground ocean. Jupiter’s moon Europa is the sixth-largest moon in the solar system and home to an ocean that “could be habitable,” say researchers.

NASA recently extended the life of two of its planetary discovery missions, including the Juno mission to Jupiter. Now it’s come to light Juno has discovered an FM signal emanating from one of the gas giant’s moons, Ganymede.

The discovery is not an indication of extraterrestrial life, but it is fascinating nonetheless, given it’s the first time it’s been discovered coming from the celestial satellite.
“It’s not E.T.,” Patrick Wiggins, one of NASA’s ambassadors to Utah, said in comments obtained by Fox 8 Cleveland. “It’s more of a natural function.”

The spacecraft, which launched in 2011, happened to be traveling across Jupiter’s polar region at a speed of 111,847 mph when it crossed the radio source, known as a “decametric radio emission,” or simply Wi-Fi. It saw the radio emission for only five seconds, but it was enough time to confirm the source.

According to NASA, the decametric radio waves have frequencies between 10 and 40 MHz, but never above 40 MHz. “Electrons spiraling in Jupiter’s magnetic field are thought to be the cause of the radio noise we hear,” the space agency added.

Scientists have known about radio waves on Jupiter since the mid-1950s, but this is the first time the phenomenon has ever been

seen emanating from Ganymede.
The findings were recently published in the scientific journal Geophysical Research Letters.

While notable, this is not the first time scientists have discovered strange occurrences on Ganymede. In 2018, researchers observed “extraordinary” electromagnetic waves, also known as “chorus waves,” thanks to the Galileo Probe spacecraft.

Jupiter’s moon Ganymede has long fascinated astronomers—as it is the largest of the planet’s moons. In 2015, NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope spotted evidence that Ganymede has an underground ocean.

READ ENTIRE ARTICLE

US General Describes ‘China Threat’ in Space, Heating Up Rivalry

December 8, 2020
ExoNews Editor

Article by Kristin Huang November 26, 2020 (scmp.com)

• With the launch of China’s Chang’e-5 lunar spacecraft and Beijing’s first lunar mission to bring Moon rock samples back to Earth, US Space Force General John Raymond remarked that China was a threat that could block American access to space, and that the US had to strengthen ties with its allies to handle the “threat” from China and Russia over space.

• Meanwhile, a successful mission would make China just the third country to have retrieved lunar samples, after the US and the former Soviet Union. Xu Hongliang, secretary general of China’s National Space Administration, told a space aviation forum on Wednesday that there were more Chang’e missions to come and China was planning to build an international research station on the Moon. Xu also said China would explore small celestial bodies, retrieve samples from Mars and pass by Jupiter and back again. Said Xu, “[W]e welcome international space agencies to participate in China’s future lunar and deep-space exploration cooperation.”

• The space rivalry between the world’s largest two economies is heating up. Beijing has been planning to build its own space station for decades as an alternative to the International Space Station, from which China has been excluded by the US because of security concerns.

• US officials say that China and Russia show threatening behavior regarding space. Raymond referred to an incident in 2007 when China hit and destroyed a disused Chinese weather satellite, testing its own missile capabilities. Until then, space had been considered a “benign domain,” but it was now it is contested. “China and Russia caused this shift in the strategic environment,” said Raymond. China and Russia’s capabilities include jamming of GPS and communication satellites, and directed energy and kinetic destruction of US assets via missiles on the ground.

• Raymond noted that “space really underpins … all of our instruments of national power. [I]t provides huge economic opportunity, scientific opportunity and military opportunity”, and that the US is eager to enhance ties with its allies… in space.” “We have to have different space architectures and we have to have partnerships,” Raymond said. “We’ve got to make sure that we stay ahead of this growing threat.”

• In the first nine months of 2020, China has sent 29 satellites into space – two more than the US. But observers say that China is still lagging behind the US, as private companies such as SpaceX and Jeff Bezos’ Blue Origin have taken the industry lead.

• China has grappled with launch failures. An optical remote-sensing satellite failed to enter its preset orbit in September, following another failed launch two months earlier, the Kuaizhou-11 commercial solid rocket, with two satellites on board. China also had satellite launch failures in March and April.

Rivalry between China and the United States in space exploration has reached new heights, with a US general saying China was a threat that could

block American access to space.

Just days after the launch of Beijing’s first lunar mission to bring samples back to Earth, US Space Force General John Raymond said the United States had to strengthen ties with its allies to handle the “threat” from China and Russia over space.

Raymond’s comments came as the head of the Chinese space administration said the nation would launch more lunar probes and invite other countries to join China on its missions.

The China-US space rivalry intensified after a Long March-5 rocket carrying the Chang’e-5 lunar spacecraft blasted off from Wenchang, Hainan province, on Tuesday morning.

In the first mission of its kind by any country in more than 40 years, the 8-tonne spacecraft comprises four components designed to bring samples back to Earth.

If the mission is successful, it would make China just the third country to have retrieved lunar samples, after the US and the former Soviet Union. But China’s space ambitions do not stop there.

READ ENTIRE ARTICLE

Astronomers Have Formula for Finding Subsurface Oceans in Exomoons

May 4, 2020
ExoNews Editor

Article by Erik Arends April 23, 2020 (phys.org)

• In the search for extraterrestrial life, we have typically looked at Earth-like planets at a distance from their parent star where the temperature is between the freezing and boiling point of water. But as in our own solar system, most of the liquid water seems to be outside of this ‘habitable zone’ on moons where interior water is heated beyond the melting point by tidal forces.

• In our solar system only Mars and Earth have ‘habitable’ surfaces. But moons within our solar system, such as Enceladus, Europa and six other moons of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune, are examples of celestial bodies that are freezing cold on the surface but may harbor habitable subsurface oceans.

• Researchers from SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research and the University of Groningen (RUG) have derived a formula that indicates whether a subsurface ocean is present on an ‘exomoon’ and how deep it is. Adding moons to the equation, exoplanet hunters have a much larger field of potentially habitable places to search for extraterrestrial life. In fact, “there could be four times as many habitable exomoons as exoplanets,” says lead author Jesper Tjoa.

• The formula analyzes factors including the diameter of the moon, the distance to its planet, the thickness of the gravel layer on the surface, and the thermal conductivity of the ice or soil layer below the surface to provide a lower limit for the ocean depth.

• Just as “astronomers study starlight shining through the atmospheres of exoplanets” to identify oxygen, for example, says Tjoa, future telescopes “may see geysers like on Enceladus, stemming from a subsurface ocean”, as an indication of life there.

So far, the search for extraterrestrial life has focused on planets at a distance from their star where liquid water is possible on the surface. But within

our Solar System, most of the liquid water seems to be outside this zone. Moons around cold gas giants are heated beyond the melting point by tidal forces. The search area in other planetary systems therefore increases if we also consider moons. Researchers from SRON and RUG have now found a formula to calculate the presence and depth of subsurface oceans in these ‘exomoons.”

In the search for extraterrestrial life, we have so far mainly looked at Earth-like planets at a distance from their parent star where the temperature is between the freezing and boiling point of water. But if we use our own Solar System as an example, moons look more promising than planets. Enceladus, Europa and about six other moons of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune may harbor a subsurface ocean. They all reside far outside the traditional habitable zone—it is literally freezing cold on the surface—but tidal interaction with their host planet heats up their interior.

With moons entering the equation, exoplanet hunters such as the future PLATO telescope—which SRON is also working on—gain hunting ground regarding the search for life. When astronomers find a so-called exomoon, the main question is whether liquid water is possible. Researchers from SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research and the University of Groningen (RUG) have now derived a formula telling us whether there is a subsurface ocean present and how deep it is.

READ ENTIRE ARTICLE

There’s Water on Jupiter’s Moon Europa

December 1, 2019
ExoNews Editor

Article by Mihai Andrei November 19, 2019 (zmescience.com)

• NASA has confirmed that Jupiter’s moon Europa contains liquid water, making it one of the most promising places we know for extraterrestrial life. Astronomers have previously observed plumes of water emerging from Europa reaching hundreds of kilometers high.

• More recently, researchers at the W. M. Keck Observatory, atop the dormant Mauna Kea volcano in Hawaii, found a clear signature of water molecules on the moon. Its earthbound spectrograph was able to detect water on Europa by meticulously removing the signatures of water molecules and other “contaminants” within the earth’s atmosphere.

• While “Essential chemical elements…are found all over the solar system,” says NASA scientist Lucas Paganini, liquid water is somewhat hard to find beyond Earth.” Forty years ago, the Voyager snapped a photo of a cracked and shifting geology on Europa, indicating tectonic drifts or even a sub-surface ocean with slabs of ice moving on top of it.

• Avi Mandell, a Goddard planetary scientist on Paganini’s team, said, “[E]ventually, we’ll have to get closer to Europa to see what’s really going on.” In 2025 he and his fellow astronomers will get their wish. NASA’s Clipper mission will launch toward Jupiter to analyze Europa’s habitability, chemistry, and geology. The mission will also help NASA select a landing site for its future Europa lander. The European Space Agency plans to launch its ‘Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (or “JUICE”) in 2022 to analyze Jupiter’s Galilean moons: Ganymede, Callisto, and Europa. Might these explorers detect life in a moon’s slushy ocean?

NASA has confirmed that Jupiter’s moon Europa contains liquid water, making it one of the most promising places we know for extraterrestrial life.

At first glance, not much is happening on Europa. A small, frozen world orbiting Jupiter doesn’t seem like the most interesting place out there. But 40 years ago, the Voyager snapped an intriguing photo of the satellite: its frozen surface wasn’t stale and monotonous, it was cracked and sliced by different features, suggesting active and recent phenomena. Subsequent missions showed even more exciting things.

Despite being undoubtedly bombarded by meteorites, Europa’s surface is largely devoid of craters. This means that something must have erased or eroded them, suggesting some active geology. Not only is Europa active — it has some form of tectonics, and more impressively, it seems to have liquid water. The liquid water isn’t on the surface but rather beneath the frozen surface. The pattern of the cracks observed on Europa’s surface suggest that the frozen surface of the planet is not locked to the rest of the interior, which is exactly what you’d expect to happen if a layer of liquid were to exist beneath the surface.

To make things even more tantalizing, astronomers have observed something which seems to be plumes of water emerging from Europa. Some of the plumes are hundreds of kilometers high, adding even more evidence to the case for water on Europa.

Now, that case is essentially proven. Researchers looking from the W. M. Keck Observatory, atop the dormant Mauna Kea volcano in Hawaii, found a clear signature of water molecules.

“Essential chemical elements (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur) and sources of energy, two of three requirements for life, are found all over the solar system. But the third — liquid water — is somewhat hard to find beyond Earth,” said Lucas Paganini, a NASA planetary scientist who led the water detection investigation. “While scientists have not yet detected liquid water directly, we’ve found the next best thing: water in vapor form.”

1:46 minute video on ‘Water Plumes on Europa” (NASA Goddard youTube)

READ ENTIRE ARTICLE

What Is a Dyson Sphere?

August 12, 2019
ExoNews Editor

Listen to “E65 8-12-19 What Is a Dyson Sphere?” on Spreaker.

Article by Adam Mann August 1, 2019 (space.com)

• In 1960, British-American theoretical physicist Freeman Dyson theorized that as an intelligent alien species’ population increased by 1% per year, their energy needs would grow exponentially becoming a trillion times larger in just 3,000 years. After developing and saturating the local moons and planets in their solar system, they may embark on a longer-term solution: The Dyson sphere.

• A Dyson sphere is a structure with platforms orbiting in tight formation that surrounds and encloses a larger celestial body, such as a gas giant planet like Jupiter or the system’s star itself, like a shell. Such an artificial structure would offer plenty of living space and energy production, drawing from the gas planet or star’s radiation. But as the Dyson sphere absorbed radiation, thereby dimming the planet from an outside observer’s perspective, Dyson theorized that the structure would need to re-radiate this energy through infrared wavelengths to avoid melting the structure itself. Therefore, a Dyson sphere would emit a bright signature in the infrared spectrum while being invisible to the human eye.

• This infrared radiation is considered a type of ‘technosignature’ that astronomers can use to detect an advanced civilization. Since the 1960’s, researchers have scanned infrared maps of the night sky in hopes of spotting a Dyson sphere, without success. But in 2015, Yale University astronomer Tabetha Boyajian did find a distant star that dimmed and flickered. Astronomers speculated that “Tabby’s Star” could be a partially built Dyson sphere. Because other astronomical experiments could not find other technosignatures from the star, scientists now think the object’s light patterns have some kind of non-alien explanation.

• In 1937, Olaf Stapledon first described a “gauze of light traps” surrounding a star system to utilize its solar energy in his novel “Star Maker”. Freeman Dyson acknowledged that this sparked his concept of a Dyson sphere. In 1992, a Dyson sphere was depicted in an episode of “Star Trek: The Next Generation”.

A Dyson sphere is a theoretical mega-engineering project that encircles a star with platforms orbiting in tight formation. It is the ultimate solution for living space and energy production, providing its creators ample surface area for habitation and the ability to capture every bit of solar radiation emanating from their central star.

Why build a Dyson sphere?

Why would anyone construct such a bizarre monstrosity? According to British-American theoretical physicist Freeman Dyson, who first speculated about these putative structures in 1960, an intelligent alien species might consider the undertaking after settling on some moons and planets in their local stellar neighborhood. As their population increased, these extraterrestrials would start to consume ever-greater amounts of energy.

Assuming this alien society’s populace and industry grew at a modest 1% per year, Dyson’s calculations suggested that the aliens’ area and energy needs would grow exponentially, becoming a trillion times larger in just 3,000 years. Should their solar system contain a Jupiter-size body, the species’ engineers could try to figure out how to take the planet apart and spread its mass in a spherical shell.

By building structures at twice the Earth-sun distance, the material would be sufficient to construct a huge number of orbiting platforms 6 to 10 feet (2 to 3 meters) thick, allowing the aliens to live on their star-facing surface. “A shell of this thickness could be made comfortably habitable, and could contain all the machinery required for exploiting the solar radiation falling onto it from the inside,” Dyson wrote.

But after absorbing and exploiting the solar energy, the structure would eventually have to reradiate the energy or else it would build up, causing the sphere to eventually melt, according to Dyson. This means that, to a distant observer, the light of a star wrapped in a Dyson sphere might appear dimmed or even entirely darkened — depending on how dense the orbiting platforms were — while glowing curiously bright in infrared wavelengths that aren’t visible to the naked eye.

READ ENTIRE ARTICLE

The Real Reason For the Iraq War? Saddam Hussein ‘Had Stargate Portal to Alien World’

August 11, 2019
ExoNews Editor

Listen to “E62 8-11-19 The Real Reason For the Iraq War” on Spreaker.

Article by Michael Moran July 28, 2019 (dailystar.co.uk)

• One of the main reasons for President George W. Bush’s invasion of Iraq in 2003 was Saddam Hussein’s alleged ‘weapons of mass destruction’. But those weapons were never actually found. So then, why would Bush and his British counterpart, Tony Blair, risk their political careers and legacy on such an unreliable pretext?

• Dr Michael E. Salla (ExoPolitics.org) believes that the ‘dodgy dossier’ that Bush and Blair used as a pretext for invading Iraq was a cover for their true motivation – to find and activate a ‘Stargate’ possibly hidden beneath the “Dark Ziggurat” of Enzu, which once was the lair of notorious Sumerian sorcerer Gimil-ishbi. Salla describes a Stargate as an artifact that allows instantaneous space-time means of travel to teleport from one place to another.

• In a 2003 paper entitled “Exopolitical Perspective on the Preemptive War Against Iraq”, Dr Salla claims there is evidence for a long-term extraterrestrial involvement in Iraq, dating back to ancient Sumer. (see Dr Salla’s Research Study #2 here)

• Dr Salla cites historian Zecharia Sitchin to identify a group of some 200 aliens known as the ‘Nephilim’, who rebelled against their superiors in the region of Iraq/Iran. Salla also points to the ‘Elohim’ who interacted with, and perhaps even created an early civilization on Earth. These beings, collectively called the “Anunnaki”, come from our solar system’s most mysterious planet, Nibiru. Nibiru has such an elliptical orbit around the Sun that it will only travel to within the orbit of Jupiter once every 3,600 years. The rest of the time it spends in the darkness of the outer solar system.

• American officials were concerned that, with the Stargate, Saddam Hussein could have traveled to Nibiru and obtained advanced extraterrestrial weaponry, and possible Anunnaki allies. They concocted fake evidence to invade Iraq in order to avoid an interplanetary war. Said Dr Salla, “I think that was a big part of the reason why the Bush Administration went into Iraq [was] to stop Hussein from revealing this information, and to also get control [of the Anunnaki Stargate] themselves.”

• In 1991, Nibiru came through the outer solar system and Anunnaki beings once again visited the Earth. However, an Anunnaki saucer was accidentally shot down by a US Air Force during the First Gulf War. Dr Salla claims that while Hussein controlled the search for the Stargate in Southern Iraq, the Germans were excavating the Sumerian city of Uruk and the US monitored the entire area from the sky. Then Bush II again invaded Iraq in 2003. Was Operation Iraqi Freedom the culmination of the search for the Stargate? Did the US and its allies find and remove the Stargate? It is unknown. And it is highly unlikely that we will ever be able to confirm the existence of a Stargate to Nibiru, when the cover-up is on such an interplanetary-scale.

SADDAM’s weapons of mass destruction were one of the main reasons for George W. Bush’s invasion of Iraq in 2003.
But those weapons were never conclusively found – and the questionable underpinnings of the second Gulf War have blighted the reputations of both Bush and his UK counterpart, Tony Blair, ever since.

Why would two men who were so focused their political reputation and legacy launch such a dangerous operation on such an unreliable pretext?

One Australian scientist thinks he has the answer.

Dr Michael E. Salla believes that the ‘dodgy dossier’ that Bush and Blair used as a pretext for invading Iraq in 2003 was a cover for a wilder, even more unbelievable motive.

Salla claims that aliens that he identifies as being from the mysterious 10th Planet of the Solar System, Nibiru, had a long-runningrelationship with the people of the Iraq / Iran region.

In a paper entitled Exopolitical Perspective on the Premptive War Against Iraq he says that there is evidence for a long-term alien involvement in the area, dating back to the earliest days of the Sumerian civilization that once dominated the fertile lands along the banks of Euphrates.

He cites the claims by historian Zecharia Sitchin of the ‘Nephilim’, a group of some 200 aliens who rebelled against their superiors, the ‘Elohim’ and interacted with – perhaps even created – early civilisation on Earth.

These claims centre around the idea that Nibiru has a highly eccentric orbit that sometimes brings it close to Earth – in

an orbit somewhere between Mars and Jupiter, but most often leaves it lost in the blackness of the outer Solar System.

The Nibiru hypothesis is partially supported by the work of astronomers Chad Trujillo and Scott Sheppard who in 2014 demonstrated the possibility of a large planetary body lurking on the outer reaches of the Solar System.

Their hypothesis doesn’t, though, allow for the super-Earth sized planet wandering into the Asteroid Belt.
Nevertheless, Salla is sure that these two groups of aliens, who he collectively calls the Annukai, periodically visit humanity, in a 3,600 year cycle that coincides with its nearest approaches to Earth.

READ ENTIRE ARTICLE

SOFIA Space Observatory Studying Jupiter Moon Europa for Life Signs

March 19, 2019
ExoNews Editor

by Tom Fish March 5, 2019 (express.co.uk)

• Dr. Amanda Hendrix, co-lead of the NASA Roadmaps to Oceans World Group, believes that studying the oceans of other worlds is the key to finding alien life beyond the Earth – albeit microbial life. “We need to understand whether these oceans are habitable and if so, whether these oceans actually host life,” says Dr. Hendrix.

• In 2017, NASA’s Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA) flying observatory discovered that Jupiter’s moon Europa’s icy surface expelled water plumes containing approximately the amount of water in an Olympic-sized swimming pool. In 2018, the NASA Galileo probe flew through a giant plume of water vapor erupting from Europa. These plumes blast debris a hundred miles high, according to the spacecraft’s data.

• Hendrix reasons that life on Europa will most likely be clustered around hydrothermal vents on its subterranean ocean floor in a watery world of perpetual darkness. What passes for warmth on Europa is largely derived from tidal “kneading” caused by the colossal gravitational forces created by its orbit around gas giant Jupiter, the solar system’s largest planet.

• [Editor’s Note] Mainstream scientists continue their long, drawn out process of pretending to seek alien life beyond Earth, in order to give the impression that smart people are doing their best but still cannot come up with anything beside a theory of microbial life in thermal plumes. Therefore, the public is reassured that we are the only intelligent life in the universe, reinforcing the Deep State delusion that the galaxy really isn’t teeming with intelligent civilizations, nor are government and private secret space programs interacting with extraterrestrial beings on a regular basis.

Humans have long pondered whether our world is unique in the universe in sustaining life. Scientists are increasingly confident “wet” worlds resembling Earth are the best place to start the search for alien life. And accordingly, US space agency NASA a craft to search for clues of early life on Jupiter’s moon Europa.

The NASA Galileo probe last year flew through a giant plume of water vapour erupting from Europa’s icy surface.

These plumes blast debris a hundred miles high, according to a fresh analysis of the spacecraft’s data.

The discovery has cemented the growing scientific consensus Jupiter’s moon, one of four first spotted by the Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei in 1610, is the most promising place in the solar system to hunt for alien life.

Now NASA’s Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA) spacecraft has revealed tantalising clues to understanding Europa’s environment and its subsurface ocean.

Such erupting water plumes contain approximately the amount of water in an Olympic-sized swimming pool.
Although’s SOFIA’s 2017 observations did not directly detect the plume, it did establish an upper limit on how much water could be in the plumes.

This upper limit is pivotal to ongoing NASA analyses into the contents and origins of the plumes, which will help reveal if Europa has the ingredients to support life.

Any life found on Jupiter’s moon Europa will have to be made of sturdy stuff.
Europa’s surface temperature never rises above -160C (-256F).

And what passes for warmth on Europa is largely derived from tidal “kneading” caused by the colossal gravitational forces created by its orbit around gas giant Jupiter, the solar system’s largest planet.

READ ENTIRE ARTICLE

Top 5 Authentic UFO Sightings Reported in 2018

January 6, 2019
ExoNews Editor

by Nirmal Narayanan December 27, 2018 (ibtimes.co.in)

• Last year, the Pentagon admitted that they conducted a secret UFO investigation program named Advanced Arial Threat Identification Program. Even though the project was scrapped around six years ago, conspiracy theorists argue that the project is still on, and the United States secret forces are still on the hunt to unravel the real truth behind UFOs. Conspiracy theorists also believe that UFO sightings are the concrete evidence of alien existence.

Here is a list of five UFO sightings in 2018 that continue to perplex conspiracy theorists and space experts alike.

• The Ireland UFO Incident – On November 9th, a British Airways pilot, flying from Montreal to Heathrow, contacted the Shannon air traffic control and reported seeing a UFO flying above the skies of Ireland. The pilot revealed that UFO initially came up along the left side of the airplane, and later traveled to the north in skyrocketing speed. The Irish Aviation Authority is still investigating. (see previous ExoNews article)

• The Return of the Black Triangle – In a video uploaded by popular UFO researcher Tyler Glockner on his ‘Secureteam10’ YouTube channel entitled ‘CHECK THE SKY: The Silent Triangles Are Back’, a triangle-shaped flying object can be seen hovering in the skies above Pennsylvania. Glockner suggested that the UFO could be secretive military vehicles like the US Air Force’s TR-3B, built at Area 51 using ET technology. (see video below)

• The Green UFO Spotted Above the Surface of Jupiter – Analyzing a NASA image of Jupiter, conspiracy theorists spotted a green UFO hovering above the surface of Jupiter. However, ‘experts’ dismissed the bizarre green structure as an image sensor anomaly. (see photo image below)

• Strange UFO landing marks in Argentina – Rodrigo in Moquehue, a resident of a small Argentinian village, took photos that he claims are imprints in the snow left by a UFO. Interestingly, there were no footprints surrounding the snow. (see photo image below)

• TV News Anchor Spots UFO During Live Show – The on-air anchors for c5n news channel in Buenos Aires, Argentina were giving the news when one of them spotted a metallic object in the skies on their screen. The news anchor was literally shocked to see the object climbing up in the atmosphere. (see previous ExoNews article)

Conspiracy theorists all around the world strongly believe that UFO sightings are the concrete evidence of alien existence.

Last year, Pentagon admitted that they conducted a secret UFO investigation program named AATIP (Advanced Arial Threat Identification Program) to unveil the mysteries surrounding unidentified flying object sightings. Even though the project was scrapped around six years ago, several conspiracy theorists argue that the project is still on, and the United States secret forces are still on the hunt to unravel the real truth behind these unknown flying objects.

In 2018 too, several UFO sightings were reported from various parts of the globe. Upon closer analysis, many UFO videos released by conspiracy theorists seem fabricated, but there are a handful of reports which still remain unanswered by experts.

Here, we present the list of five UFO sightings happened in 2018, that continue to perplex conspiracy theorists and space experts alike.

The Ireland UFO incident

On November 9, a British Airways pilot contacted the Shannon air traffic control and reported seeing a UFO flying above the skies of Ireland. The British pilot also asked whether there were any military exercises going on in Ireland on the same day. However, authorities clarified that there were no such exercises organized on November 9.

During the time of the UFO sighting, the flight was traveling from Montreal to Heathrow. The pilot revealed that UFO initially came up along the left side of the airplane, and later traveled to the north in skyrocketing speed.

Soon after the UFO sighting, the Irish Aviation Authority kickstarted an investigation, and the probe is still going on.
In the meantime, some space experts suggested that the UFO spotted in the skies could be a meteor. However, alien enthusiasts believe that a change in trajectory is not a characteristic often showed by meteors.

The return of the black triangle

Triangle-shaped UFOs are very popular among conspiracy theorists for years. In 2018 too, these black triangles made a return, and the eerie video was released by popular extraterrestrial researcher Tyler Glockner who runs the YouTube channel ‘Secureteam10’.

In a video uploaded with the title, ‘CHECK THE SKY: The Silent Triangles Are Back’, a triangle-shaped flying object can be seen hovering in the skies above Pennsylvania. Glockner suggested that the bizarre object spotted in the skies could be either alien vessels from deep space or secretive military vehicles like TR-3B.

Conspiracy theorists believe that TR-3B is a reverse-engineered anti-gravity military vessels developed by the United States Air Force during the cold war. As per these theorists, the US forces had built this spacecraft with the help of aliens whom they detained in Area 51.

**green object spotted over Jupiter’s surface**

The Green UFO spotted above the surface of JupiterThis is perhaps the most perplexing UFO reporting which happened in 2018. The green UFO was initially spotted by conspiracy theorists after analyzing an image of Jupiter released by NASA. At first glance, the image seems pretty normal, but upon closer analysis, a green structure was seen hovering above the surface of Jupiter.

SecureTeam10 YouTube video: “CHECK THE SKY: The Silent Triangles Are Back”

READ ENTIRE ARTICLE

Jupiter’s Moon Europa Has Huge Shards of Ice That Could Stop Us Finding Aliens Who Live There

October 18, 2018
ExoNews Editor

by Andrew Griffen October 8, 2018 (independent.co.uk)

• Jupiter’s moon Europa is often held up as one of the most promising places to discover extraterrestrial life. It is relatively near and has huge seas of liquid water under its surface, which could provide a home to those aliens. However, in a new research paper, Dr Daniel Hobley, from Cardiff University’s School of Earth and Ocean Sciences describes how treacherous the surface of Europa is for landing spacecraft or probes.

• “The presence of sharp, blade-like structures towering to almost 15 metres high would make any potential landing mission to Europa extremely precarious. We hope that studies like ours will help the engineers to develop innovative ways of delivering landers safely on Europa’s surface so that we can find out even more about this fascinating place, and potentially look for signs of extra-terrestrial life,” said Dr Hobley.

• These massive shards of ices, or “penitentes”, are formed through a process known as sublimation. That turns ice into water vapor without melting into a liquid between the two, and leaves behind those blade-like formations that point right up into the sky. Europa has the right thermal conditions for this sublimation to occur, and the sun always shines at the same angle towards the surface. Penitentes between one and five metres tall do grow on Earth, but are restricted to extreme areas such as the Andes Mountains.

Towering blades of ice could get in the way of our search for alien life, scientists have warned.
Jupiter’s moon Europa is often held up as one of the most promising places to discover extraterrestrials. It is relatively near and has huge seas of liquid water under its surface, which could provide a home to those aliens.

Scientists hope to eventually land a spacecraft on that icy crust and drill down beneath it to see whatever is lurking in the oceans below.

But on that same alien surface are vast shards and daggers of snow that could destroy any craft that attempted to land there, scientists have warn. Reaching almost 15 metres tall, the blades of sharp ice could be a fatal barrier to any attempt to meet that extra-terrestrial life.

Any potential landing mission would have to navigate those “penitentes” before it could drop onto the surface.

0.53-minute video on ice shards on Europa

READ ENTIRE ARTICLE

Tag: Jupiter