Tag: Enrico Fermi

Capitalism Explains Why We Haven’t Made Contact With Intelligent Aliens

Article by Charles Mudede                                 November 19, 2020                                (thestranger.com)

• As a boy, British physicist Stephen Webb was certain that solar systems in the Milky Way galaxy were teeming will all kinds of intelligent life forms. Then in the 1980s, Webb discovered “The Fermi Paradox” based on the Italian American physicist Enrico Fermi’s famous question, “Where is everybody?” In a galaxy with billions of stars that are similar to our star, there must be many planets in the ‘habitable zone’. So where are the aliens? Why haven’t we meet them yet?

• Webb decided to collect solutions to the Fermi paradox: Aliens live where we’re not looking; talk how we’re not listening; resemble something we don’t recognize. Perhaps aliens use radio or optical transmissions at a different frequency or form. Maybe a signal is sitting on data server right now and we haven’t noticed. Maybe the extraterrestrials alter the emissions of their stars to hide themselves from us. Maybe they don’t care about astronomy or space exploration. Or maybe they are here already and we just don’t take them seriously.

• It is almost certain that there is other life in the universe. Belgian biochemist Christian de Duve called it a ‘cosmic imperative’ that – with the right chemical and energetic conditions – life will emerge. And since the first exoplanet was discovered nearly 30 years ago, many others have been found virtually everywhere. Soon we’ll spot a planet with a biosphere. Will there be technologically advanced life forms there?

• An examination of Earth’s history provides the answer to Fermi’s paradox. Capitalism holds the key to the universe’s apparent dearth of intelligent life. A civilization on a distant exoplanet may be locked in a class struggle that has stalled the progress of their means of production. The same happened here on Earth. Our early history shows that human progress often stalled as socially complex societies would arise and collapse. Good ideas would come and go. Technologies would emerge and vanish. This was the state of things until only 300 years ago.

• Since the 17th century, the Dutch brought a ‘progressive’ pattern of development to Western society. Its motive was not technology itself, however, but market-share competition between capitalists and the wage-profit struggle with their employees. Improvements in machine technology in the 19th century were only due to increased political power of the worker. Today, robots are tasked with exploring planets and moons, building cars or monitoring stores.

• An alien in a spaceship will most likely not be operated by enlightened beings, but rather capitalists scouring the galaxy for cheap labor.

•  [Editor’s Note]   This article is right on the money. We are told that we have not made ET contact, and mainstream scientists and academics cling to that belief. The rest of the population seems too self-absorbed (or mind controlled) to even contemplate interaction with extraterrestrials. But in reality, a capitalist elite and the military industrial complex have participated in the development of a handful of secret space programs operating within and beyond our solar system since the 1950s.

These space programs were not created for the advancement of mankind. They were created to give the capitalist elite access to extraterrestrial technology that is denied to the rest of us, thereby giving them a commercial advantage. This elite class who own and operate vast space programs are determined to keep us from knowing anything about these programs or the multitude of extraterrestrial beings with whom they regularly interact.

By all accounts, these secret space programs are driven purely by capitalism in a barter and trade economy with other extraterrestrial civilizations. Corey Goode estimates that the deep state-controlled Interplanetary Corporate Conglomerate SSP trades with at least 900 extraterrestrial species. Humans themselves are being bred and traded as a space commodity for cheap (free) labor, household slaves, sex slaves, and even for food.

It is apparent that the arc of Earth-human expansion into space so far has been based on intergalactic commerce, just as commerce played a central role in the expansion of humankind around our planet over the past few millennia. But in a capitalist mercantile system, the rich are only interested in getting richer. Ultimately, these selfish motives have greatly hindered our overall progress as space-faring civilization. It has rendered those of us here on the ground economic slaves to the elite. And it has actively kept us from knowing that the galaxy is indeed teeming with intelligent life waiting for our scheduled collective leap in consciousness so we can deal with the dark forces that have controlled us and allow this planet to become part of a galactic community.

 

         Christian de Duve

“Is life on Earth just a lucky fluke?” According to the website Astronomy, this question has preoccupied the mind and work of a British physicist named Stephen Webb since his childhood, which was shaped by the Space Age of the 1960s. As a boy, he was certain that by the time he became a man humans would live in a universe that looked much like the one in the popular Disney TV show, The Mandalorian—solar systems teeming will all kinds of intelligent life forms, from froggish women to gambling ants to what have you.

                           Stephen Webb

Webb, however, was brought straight back down to earth in the final decade of the Cold War, the 1980s, by an article that appeared in Asimov’s Science Fiction magazine titled, “The Fermi Paradox.” The author of the article, the geologist Stephen L. Gillett, returned to a basic question that the Italian American physicist Enrico Fermi made famous in the middle of the 20th century: “Where is everybody?” Meaning, where are the aliens? Why haven’t we meet them yet? Our galaxy has billions of stars that are similar to our star, the sun. Many of these stars have planets. Many of these planets must be in a habitable zone. And yet, we have heard nothing from the galaxy or from universe that sounds intelligent. Why are we so alone?

Sixty-five million years ago, a comet hit planet Earth and killed all of the large and loud animals of that time. Gillett’s Fermi Paradox article did something similar to the large population of aliens in Webb’s imagination. They all vanished in an instant, and he began to wonder about the awesome silence of the universe. Are we really alone? Is the extremely thin layer of life, our biosphere, all there is? Webb decided “to collect solutions to the so-called Fermi paradox.”

Here are some of the solutions that Webb gathered and presented in a 2002 book If the Universe Is Teeming With Aliens … Where Is Everybody? 75 Solutions to the Fermi Paradox:

Aliens live where we’re not looking, talk how we’re not listening or resemble something we haven’t sought out. Maybe the aliens like to send messages or signals using neutrinos, nearly massless and barely-there particles that don’t interact with normal matter much, or tachyons, hypothetical particles that fly faster than light. Maybe they use the more-conventional radio or optical transmissions but at frequencies, or in a form, astronomers haven’t sought out. Maybe a signal is sitting on data servers already, escaping notice. Maybe the extraterrestrials subtly alter the emissions of their stable stars, or the blip-blip-blip pulsations of variable stars. Maybe they put something big — a megamall, a disk of dust — in front of their sun to block some of its light, in a kind of anti-beacon. Maybe their skies are cloudy, and they consequently don’t care about astronomy or space exploration. Or — hear Webb out — perhaps they drive UFOs, meaning they are here but not in a form that scientists typically recognize, investigate, and take seriously.

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Aliens Waiting For Right Time to Visit Earth, New Study Claims

Listen to “E213 Aliens Waiting For Right Time to Visit Earth, New Study Claims” on Spreaker.
Article by Inigo Monzon                           December 22, 2019                        (ibtimes.com)

• In response to the Fermi Paradox, where Enrico Fermi asks – in a galaxy that should be teeming with life, where all of the extraterrestrials? – Jonathan Carroll-Nellenback and his team of scientists have published a new study in the Astrophysical Journal that offers an answer. They think that aliens from another planet could be waiting for the right time when Earth or our Solar System gets closer to their home world before sending out a probe or launching an expedition.

• This concept is based on the fact that the objects within the galaxy are constantly in motion. In addition to planets and stars orbiting one another, entire solar systems are known to travel around the center of the galaxy.

• According to Fermi, Earth should have already been visited or at least contacted by aliens. But since there has been no evidence presented of intelligent extraterrestrial life, many doubt the very existence of alien civilizations.

• According to Carroll-Nellenback, “Habitable worlds are so rare that you have to wait longer than any civilization is expected to last before another one comes in range.” “Every system could be habitable and could be settled, but they wouldn’t visit us because they’re not close enough.”

• [Editor’s Note]  The answer to Fermi’s Parodox as to why there has been no evidence presented of intelligent extraterrestrial life is that the deep state government has been hiding the existence of the many different species of extraterrestrial beings all around our solar system, and the elite human interaction with extraterrestrial beings that has continued since at least World War II.

 

Aliens might be following a strategic plan when it comes to visiting and contacting Earth, a new study suggests. According to the authors of the study, it is possible that the aliens are waiting for Earth to get closer to their home planet before initiating contact.

Jonathan Carroll-Nellenback

The new study, which was published in the Astrophysical Journal, serves as a response to the Fermi Paradox, a concept presented by physicist Enrico Fermi regarding the existence of extraterrestrial intelligence.

Basically, Fermi noted that due to the number of planets and stars in the galaxy, there should be another world teeming with intelligent extraterrestrial life. If this is true, then Earth should have already been visited or at least contacted by aliens.

However, since humans have not yet come across evidence of intelligent extraterrestrial life, many doubt the existence of alien civilizations. Recently, a team of scientists presented a new idea regarding the possible existence of extraterrestrial life.

In their study, the scientists noted that it is possible that alien civilizations are thriving in other planets in the galaxy. According to the scientists, these aliens have not yet visited Earth because they are still waiting for the right moment to do so.

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We Will Never See Aliens ‘Because We’ll Destroy Them’, Expert Fears

“Alexander Berezin, a theoretical physicist from the National Research University of Electronic Technology in Russia”

by Sebastian Kettley                       June 4, 2019                    (express.co.uk)

• Alexander Berezin, a theoretical physicist from the National Research University of Electronic Technology in Russia, thinks that he has solved Fermi’s Paradox by suggesting that any civilization that does reach the advanced level of interstellar space travel will likely fuel the demise of other species in order to feed its own expansion. In other words, we may unintentionally bring to a halt a budding species, just as a more advanced species may unintentionally bring ours to a halt in their ‘unchecked expansion’.

• Dr Berezin wrote: “I am not suggesting that a highly developed civilization would consciously wipe out other lifeforms.” “Most likely, they simply won’t notice, the same way a construction crew demolishes an anthill to build real estate because they lack incentive to protect it.”

• Alien life exists in all shapes and sizes somewhere out there in space, according to the Fermi Paradox. Proposed in the 1970’s and named after the physicist Enrico Fermi, the paradox estimates the probability that intelligent alien civilizations exist, even if we have never seen proof.

• But life, says Dr Berezin, is not a mirror-image of the human-like lifeforms. “The cornerstone of the problem is our model of life in the general case.” “[T]here is no possible way of accounting for all lifeforms that may rise independently throughout the universe.” These could be biological lifeforms similar to humans, or ‘rogue’ AIs that rebelled against their creators. And they do not have to be technologically advanced and interstellar in order to matter.

• [Editor’s Note]   This article was picked up from Russia by a British website because it supports the Deep State agenda.  Mainstream scientists and intellectuals in the West are encouraged by the puppet masters to ignore the true extraterrestrial presence, and instead replace the truth with re-imagined theories of alien worlds unknown to man. These so-called “expert” theories are promoted as if they are a legitimate ‘belief’. It bolsters a false reality that there really is no extraterrestrial presence, regardless of an abundance of evidence to the contrary. This sort of scientific hogwash serves to muddy the waters so that the average person will give up even trying to understand the truth at all.

 

Alien life in all shapes and size exists somewhere out there in the depths of space, at least according to the Fermi Paradox. The theoretical principal stipulates life has to exist in a universe full of infinite stars and planets, most of which are older than our Earth and solar system. Proposed in the 1970s and named after the physicist Enrico Fermi, the paradox estimates the probability intelligent alien civilisations exist even if we have never seen proof. However, even if evidence of alien life exists somewhere out there in space, odds are humans will destroy it before we even realise.

The unfortunate theory was proposed by theoretical physicist Alexander Berezin from the National Research University of Electronic Technology in Russia.

In a bid to explain the Fermi Paradox or why aliens have not visited the Earth yet, the scientist proposed some hard truths about where he thinks humanity is headed.

According to the scientist’s “First in, last out” proposal, pre-published on arXiv.org, scientists have trivialised the meaning of alien life.

In his opinion, alien life does not have to be a mirror-image of the human-like lifeforms we have grown accustomed to.
He wrote: “The cornerstone of the problem is our model of life in the general case.

“Many proposed solutions take the narrowest definition of Earth-like life and still struggle to come up with any sufficient explanation as to why no life has arisen on any other Earth-like planet, the existence of which seems no longer debated.

“However, such a narrow definition is clearly wrong. Even those organisms descending from one common ancestor with ourselves have proven time and time again that we drastically underestimate to what conditions life is able to adapt.
“And there is no possible way of accounting for all lifeforms that may rise independently throughout the universe.
“Because of that we have to create a definition that is substrate-invariant.”

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Galaxy Simulations Offer a New Solution to the Fermi Paradox

by Rebecca Boyle                March 7, 2019                   (quantamagazine.org)

• The universe is filled with stars, nearly all those stars have planets, and some of those planets are surely livable. So where is everybody? This is the ongoing conundrum that is the Fermi Paradox, first presented by the Italian physicist Enrico Fermi in 1950.

• In 1981, Carl Sagan and William Newman speculated that the answer to the paradox was that intelligent people were simply too far away from us to come here. But they may do so in time. Others reason that tech-savvy civilizations are rare and prone to self-destruction, or are avoiding the Earth on purpose. In 1975, the astrophysicist Michael Hart declared there simply are no other intelligence civilizations in the universe (a hypothesis recently revived by Oxford researcher, Anders Samberg).

• Jonathan Carroll-Nellenback, an astronomer at the University of Rochester, has led another study, now under review by The Astrophysical Journal. Carroll-Nellenback says that it wouldn’t take very long for a space-faring civilization to spread across the galaxy because the movement of stars throughout the galaxy would “… spread life on time scales much shorter than the age of the galaxy” and help distribute life. “The sun has been around the center of the Milky Way 50 times.” According to simulations by Carroll-Nellenback and his colleagues Jason Wright, Adam Frank, and Caleb Scharf, natural variability will mean that sometimes galaxies will be settled, but often not — solving Fermi’s quandary.

• But the fact that no interstellar visitors are here now does not mean they do not exist, the study’s authors say. Civilizations do not last forever. Not every star is a destination, and not every planet is habitable. There’s also what Frank calls “the Aurora effect,” in which settlers arrive at a habitable planet on which they nonetheless cannot survive. When Carroll-Nellenback and his coauthors included these impediments in their model and ran simulations with different star densities, seed civilizations, spacecraft velocities and other variations, they found a vast middle ground between a silent, empty galaxy and one teeming with life. It’s possible that the Milky Way is partially settled, or intermittently so.

• Frank and Wright say that now we need to look for alien signals, which will be possible as more sophisticated telescopes open their eyes to the panoply of exoplanets and begin glimpsing their atmospheres. “We are entering an era when we are going to have actual data relevant to life on other planets,” Frank said. “This couldn’t be more relevant than in the moment we live.”

• [Editor’s Note]   The wrangling over Fermi’s Paradox continues among mainstream scientists who are groping for an answer to a flawed premise. When you take the premise that no interstellar beings have ever visited the Earth as “Fact A”, there’s nowhere to go. It becomes a perpetual debate on why there are no beings here besides us. But this is a falsehood from the start. Of course there are extraterrestrial beings all around us. We have real evidence that they have been here for thousands of years, and anecdotal evidence that they have been here for hundreds of millions or even a couple of billion years. This galaxy and the universe are teeming with intelligent life. All of the 52 star systems in our local star cluster have human-like civilizations very similar to our own. We are apparently the last to join this community. It is our time. The problem is that the powers that be, which control the Deep State government and the mainstream science community, have made it a priority to keep Earth humans completely ignorant and unaware of our true reality, often through silly “scientific studies” such as this one.

 

As far as anyone knows, we have always been alone. It’s just us on this pale blue dot, “home to everyone you love, everyone you know, everyone you ever heard of,” as Carl Sagan so memorably put it. No one has called or dropped by. And yet the universe is filled with stars, nearly all those stars have planets, and some of those planets are surely livable. So where is everybody?

The Italian physicist Enrico Fermi was purportedly the first to pose this question, in 1950, and scientists have offered a bounty of solutions for his eponymous paradox since. One of the most famous came from Sagan himself, with William Newman, who postulated in a 1981 paperthat we just need patience. Nobody has visited because they’re all too far away; it takes time to evolve a species intelligent enough to invent interstellar travel, and time for that species to spread across so many worlds. Nobody is here yet.

Other researchers have argued that extraterrestrial life might rarely become space-faring (just as only one species on Earth ever has). Some argue that tech-savvy species, when they arise, quickly self-destruct. Still others suggest aliens may have visited in the past, or that they’re avoiding us on purpose, having grown intelligent enough to be suspicious of everyone else. Perhaps the most pessimistic answer is a foundational paper from 1975, in which the astrophysicist Michael Hart declared that the only plausible reason nobody has visited is that there really is nobody out there.

Now comes a paper that rebuts Sagan and Newman, as well as Hart, and offers a new solution to the Fermi paradox that avoids speculation about alien psychology or anthropology.

The research, which is under review by The Astrophysical Journal, suggests it wouldn’t take as long as Sagan and Newman thought for a space-faring civilization to planet-hop across the galaxy, because the movements of stars can help distribute life. “The sun has been around the center of the Milky Way 50 times,” said Jonathan Carroll-Nellenback, an astronomer at the University of Rochester, who led the study. “Stellar motions alone would get you the spread of life on time scales much shorter than the age of the galaxy.” Still, although galaxies can become fully settled fairly quickly, the fact of our loneliness is not necessarily paradoxical: According to simulations by Carroll-Nellenback and his colleagues, natural variability will mean that sometimes galaxies will be settled, but often not — solving Fermi’s quandary.

The question of how easy it would be to settle the galaxy has played a central role in attempts to resolve the Fermi paradox. Hart and others calculated that a single space-faring species could populate the galaxy within a few million years, and maybe even as quickly as 650,000 years. Their absence, given the relative ease with which they should spread, means they must not exist, according to Hart.

Sagan and Newman argued it would take longer, in part because long-lived civilizations are likelier to grow more slowly. Faster-growing, rapacious societies might peter out before they could touch all the stars. So maybe there have been a lot of short-lived, fast-growing societies that wink out, or a few long-lived, slowly expanding societies that just haven’t arrived yet, as Jason Wright of Pennsylvania State University, a coauthor of the new study, summarized Sagan and Newman’s argument. But Wright doesn’t agree with either solution.

“That conflates the expansion of the species as a whole with the sustainability of individual settlements,” he said. “Even if it is true for one species, it is not going to be this iron-clad law of xenosociology where if they are expanding, they are necessarily short-lived.” After all, he noted, life on Earth is robust, “and it expands really fast.”

In their new paper, Carroll-Nellenback, Wright and their collaborators Adam Frank of Rochester and Caleb Scharf of Columbia University sought to examine the paradox without making untestable assumptions. They modeled the spread of a “settlement front” across the galaxy, and found that its speed would be strongly affected by the motions of stars, which previous work — including Sagan and Newman’s — treated as static objects. The settlement front could cross the entire galaxy based just on the motions of stars, regardless of the power of propulsion systems. “There is lots of time for exponential growth basically leading to every system being settled,” Carroll-Nellenback said.

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If Universe is Ocean, Humans Have Searched For Aliens in Swimming Pool, Claims New Study

by Nirmal Narayanan                  October 10, 2018                   (ibtimes.sg)

• The Italian/American physicist, Enrico Fermi, famously asked, if there are millions of galaxies and stars out there in the deep space, why humans have not met any advanced intelligent alien forms until now?

• ‘It is idiotic to conclude intelligent aliens do not exist nearby just because humans haven’t found them,’ said SETI astronomer Jill Tarter.

• Scientists haven’t found any intelligent extraterrestrials yet just because we have not started looking for them vigorously. A new study conducted by researchers at Pennsylvania State University has revealed that humans have searched just 0.00000000000000058% of the universe to find potential alien signals. In other words, if the universe was an ocean, humans have searched for aliens in barely a swimming pool’s worth of water.

• For its part, NASA recently revealed that it is working to locate alien civilizations by examining “Technosignatures” of life, including laser emissions, Dyson spheres and heat signatures in deep space.

 

A new study conducted by researchers at Pennsylvania State University has revealed that humans have searched just 0.00000000000000058% of the universe to find potential alien signals. In layman’s language, if the universe is an ocean, humans have searched for aliens in barely a swimming pool’s worth of water.

        Enrico Fermi

The study, published in the journal arXiv, could have also found the solution to the billion dollar Fermi paradox, which states if there are millions of galaxies and stars out there in the deep space, why humans have not met any advanced intelligent alien forms until now.

The study reveals that scientists haven’t found any intelligent extraterrestrials yet just because we have not started looking for them vigorously. Researchers who took part in the study believe that aliens, somewhere in that ocean of space might be signaling their existence, but until now, we have not looked into that deep corner.

               Jill Tarter

“Suppose I tell you there’s a cool thing happening in Houston right now. I do not tell you where it is. I do not tell you when it is happening. I do not tell you what it is. Is it in a bookstore? Is it a music concert? I give you absolutely no priors. It would be a difficult thing to try and find it. Houston, we have a problem. We do not know what we’re looking for … and we don’t know where to start,” said Shubham Kanodia, a graduate student in astronomy who co-wrote the study at a NASA workshop on Technosignatures.

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If the Pentagon Is Hiding Aliens from Us, the Zoo Hypothesis May Explain Why

by Paul Ratner           December 26, 2017          (bigthink.com)

• Recent revelations that the Pentagon had an actual alien-hunting division have rocked conspiracy theorists, adding fuel to the long-held beliefs that the government is hiding the truth from us.

• While the government may be privy to unexplained encounters with flying objects, why haven’t the aliens made their presence known to the rest of us? If this is a universe brimming with intelligent life, ”where is everybody?” as the Nobel laureate physicist Enrico Fermi famously asked.

• The answer may be found in “The Zoo Hypothesis” proposed by the MIT radio astronomer John A. Ball in 1973. Ball said that aliens may be avoiding contact with us on purpose, so as not to interfere with our evolution and the development of our societies. By staying clear of us, they avoid interplanetary contamination. Perhaps the aliens are waiting for us to reach a certain technological or moral point before they will reveal themselves to the mass population. Or they may be simply trying to protect themselves.

• This idea of The Zoo Hypothesis presumes that aliens would want to have some relatively benevolent system of belief – perhaps a universally-accepted law about how to treat lower-level cosmic inhabitants. Maybe that’s what the Earth’s alien hunters are picking up on – random, unsanctioned interactions. It also stands to reason that if there is some kind of Universe-wide law of non-interference with other species, someone at the Pentagon could be in on it.

• [Editor’s Note]  I would say that John Ball got it half-right. The benevolent ET beings do abide by a non-interference code, just like in Star Trek. However, there are also malevolent ET beings swarming all around us who don’t reveal themselves because secrecy is a big part of their manipulative plan for humanity on Earth. And yes, the government is in on it.

 

Recent revelations that the Pentagon had an actual alien-hunting division have rocked conspiracy theorists everywhere, adding fuel to the long-held beliefs of many that the government is hiding the truth from us. Luis Elizondo, the military intel official who headed the now-defunct “Advanced Aviation Threat Identification Program,” which ran from 2009 until 2012, was so convinced by what he saw that he continued his search for E.T. until this day. He now has a UFO-research startup and alerted CNN that there’s “compelling evidence” we are not alone.

While Elizondo’s evidence may be based on being privy to a number of unexplained encounters with flying objects, the aliens haven’t made their presence very clear. If the universe contains at least two trillion galaxies full of billions of stars like our sun, shouldn’t there be other complex life forms out there by now? It would only make sense. So “where is everybody?” as the Nobel laureate physicist Enrico Fermi famously asked about the absence of evidence and the high probability of alien existence.

There are certainly many speculations about whether the possibility of aliens and their potential motives. It could be that there’s been no contact because they are too far away, and we need for our technologies to catch up before we meet up. They could look like something else entirely so we can’t even perceive them yet. Or maybe we underestimate the uniqueness and preciousness of humanity and we really are alone. But an idea formulated in the 70’s takes a different swing at this compelling issue.

                         John A. Ball

The Zoo Hypothesis, proposed by the MIT radio astronomer John A. Ball in 1973, says that aliens may be avoiding contact with us on purpose, so as not to interfere with our evolution and the development of our societies. The human civilization could be essentially living in a “zoo” or a space wildlife sanctuary, where others populating the cosmos dare not go. By staying clear of us, they avoid interplanetary contamination.

Perhaps the aliens are waiting for us to reach a certain technological or moral point before they will talk to us. Or they may be simply trying to protect us and themselves. You’ve seen “Independence Day” – there may be a similar movie made thousands of light years away about us.

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