Tag: Solar System

Russia’s Nuclear-Powered Tug ‘Zeus’ to Search for Extraterrestrial Life

June 15, 2021                                                     (sputniknews.com)

• On June 15th, the director general of the Roscosmos Russian state space agency, Dmitry Rogozin, told the audience at the GLEX-2021 space conference in St. Petersburg that the space tug ‘Zeus’ (pictured above) which has been under construction since 2010, is on schedule to make its first space flight in 2030. Rogozin called the search for extraterrestrial life and the monitoring of space-borne threats to the Earth the two most important tasks of the space tug.

• Once competed, Zeus will stop by Mars and Venus on its way to visit and study the outer planets and even distant stars. The space tug fitted with a nuclear reactor which will allow the ship to travel long distances. “[T]he most important task will be to discover and understand whether we are alone in space or there is another life,” Rogozin said.

• “Today, we have ensured the development of space monitoring programs, and this is of practical significance for how to avoid dangerous collisions in space,” said Rogozin. “But there is another, even more important task — how to protect our planet from uninvited collisions with space bodies that can destroy the civilization.” Rogozin noted that there exists no technology capable of diverting the trajectory of space objects approaching the Earth.

• Rogozin also emphasized the significance of international cooperation in space, calling it “the highest form of politics and ethics” in the relations between nations. The Global Space Exploration Conference (GLEX) is an annual event that has gathered representatives of scientific circles, governments and industries since 2012.

 

ST. PETERSBURG (Sputnik) – Russian nuclear-powered space tug Zeus, currently

                       Dmitry Rogozin

under construction, will be sent on a mission to search for life in deep space once completed, Dmitry Rogozin, the director general of the Russian state space agency Roscosmos, said on Tuesday.

The space tug fitted with a nuclear reactor is set to be used for missions to remote planets of the Solar System and beyond. It has been under development since 2010 and is expected to make its first space flight in 2030.

“Missions that will be sent to Mars, Venus and, in the future after the development of thermonuclear capabilities, beyond the solar system, the most important task will be to discover and understand whether we are alone in space or there is another life,” Rogozin said at the GLEX-2021 space conference.

The Roscosmos chief called the search for extraterrestrial life and the monitoring of space-borne threats to the Earth the most important tasks of world cosmonautics.

“Today, we have ensured the development of space monitoring programs, and this is of practical significance for how to avoid dangerous collisions in space. But there is another, even more important task — how to protect our planet from uninvited collisions with space bodies that can destroy the civilization,” Rogozin said, noting that there so far exists no technology capable of diverting the trajectory of space objects approaching the Earth.

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How Winston Churchill’s Views on Aliens Were Revealed in Lost Letter

by Callum Hoare                     May 1, 2019                        (express.co.uk )

• Sir Winston Churchill was a hero politician and army officer who led the UK to victory in World War II as Prime Minister. What many do not know, is Churchill was also fascinated by the possibility of extraterrestrial life.

• At the beginning of WWII in 1939, Churchill wrote a science document which he updated in the 1950’s. One of the sections asked the question: “Are we alone in the Universe?” wherein he reasoned like a scientist about the likelihood of life on other planets capable of sustaining advanced life.

• Churchill defined ‘life’ as “the ability to breed and multiply”, noting the importance of water to sustain life. In considering the likelihood that other stars could host planets, Churchill concluded that a large fraction of these distant worlds “will be the right size to keep on their surface water and possibly an atmosphere of some sort”. And some worlds would be “at the proper distance from their parent sun to maintain a suitable temperature”. Churchill is describing what scientists now describe as the “habitable” or “Goldilocks” zone – the narrow region around a star where it is neither too hot nor too cold for life.

• “I for one, am not so immensely impressed by the success we are making of our civilization here that I am prepared to think we are the only spot in this immense universe which contains living, thinking creatures, or that we are the highest type of mental and physical development which has ever appeared in the vast compass of space and time,” wrote Churchill.

• Churchill’s essay predicts great opportunities for exploration of the Solar System. “One day, possibly even in the not very distant future, it may be possible to travel to the Moon, or even to Venus and Mars,” Churchill wrote.

[Editor’s Note]  British intelligence records released in 2010 showed that the prime minister also ordered that a reported UFO sighting by the Royal Air Force during World War II be kept secret in order to avoid “mass panic.”

 

Sir Winston Churchill, the embodiment of the British bulldog spirit, was a hero politician and army officer who led the UK to victory in World War 2. The wartime leader, who was Prime Minister from 1940 to 1945 and again from 1951 to 1955, played a vital role in defending liberal democracy from the spread of fascism adopted by Adolf Hitler’s Nazi Germany and the Axis Powers. However, what many do not know, is Churchill was also fascinated by the possibility of extraterrestrial life.

In 1939, just after World War 2 broke out, the Nobel Prize winner put pen to paper to create an 11-page science document.

It wasn’t until the Fifties that Churchill returned to the document, though, and the updated version was never published.

Churchill passed away on January 24, 1965, and the papers were forgotten about until they reemerged in 2017 at the National Churchill Museum in Fulton, Missouri, by director Timothy Riley.

He noted how one part questioned: “Are we alone in the Universe?”

In this, the wartime leader reasoned like a scientist about the likelihood of life on other planets capable of sustaining advanced life.

The former Prime Minister builds on the Copernican Principle – the idea that human life on Earth should not be unique given the vastness of the Universe.

He went on to define life as “the ability to breed and multiply”, noting the importance of water to sustain life, adding: “All living things of the type we know require it.”

More than 50 years before the discovery of exoplanets, he considered the likelihood that other stars would host planets, concluding that a large fraction of these distant worlds “will be the right size to keep on their surface water and possibly an atmosphere of some sort”.

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“Enigma” –Unexpected Gain in Speed: Oumuamua, First Interstellar Object Discovered in the Solar System

September 12, 2018             (dailygalaxy.com)

 

• ‘Oumuamua’, the first interstellar object discovered in the Solar System, is moving away from the Sun faster than expected. Oumuamua is still slowing down because of the pull of the Sun — just not as fast as predicted by celestial mechanics. Oumuamua has been the subject of intense scrutiny since its discovery in October 2017. Mainstream scientists now believe that Oumuamua is most likely an interstellar comet and not an asteroid. “The true nature of this enigmatic interstellar nomad may remain a mystery,” concluded Olivier Hainaut, an astronomer at the European Space Agency.

• An international team of astronomers, led by the ESO’s Marco Micheli, explains the faster-than-predicted speed of Oumuamua as due to the venting of material from its surface due to solar heating, or “outgassing”. The thrust from this ejected material is thought to provide the small but steady push that is sending `Oumuamua hurtling out of the Solar System faster than expected. Such outgassing is a behaviour typical for comets.

• The research team could not detect any visual evidence of outgassing, however. “We did not see any dust, coma, or tail, which is unusual,” explained co-author Karen Meech of the University of Hawaii. “We think that ‘Oumuamua may vent unusually large, coarse dust grains.”

• Not only is Oumuamua’s hypothesized outgassing an unsolved mystery, but also its interstellar origin. The team originally performed the new observations on Oumuamua to exactly determine its path which would have probably allowed it to trace the object back to its parent star system. The new results means it will be more challenging to obtain this information.

• The theory that `Oumuamua could be an interstellar spaceship was rejected because the object is tumbling on all three axis, inconsistent for an artificial object.

[Editor’s Note]  Mainstream scientists are reaching for any reason they can find to explain Oumuamua’s anomalous behavior, or its very existence. If it is a derelict space craft, as insiders have said, then that would explain its out of control tumbling and the reason why it’s characteristics are consistent with neither an asteroid or a comet.

`Oumuamua, the first interstellar object discovered in the Solar System, is moving away from the Sun faster than expected. This anomalous behavior was detected by a worldwide astronomical collaboration including ESO’s Very Large Telescope in Chile. New results this June suggest that `Oumuamua is most likely an interstellar comet and not an asteroid.

“The true nature of this enigmatic interstellar nomad may remain a mystery,” concluded team member Olivier Hainaut, an astronomer at ESO. “`Oumuamua’s recently-detected gain in speed makes it more difficult to be able to trace the path it took from its extrasolar home star.”

Oumuamua was first discovered using the Pan-STARRS telescope at the Haleakala Observatory, Hawaii. Its name means “scout” in Hawaiian, and reflects its nature as the first known object of interstellar origin to have entered the Solar System.

`Oumuamua — the first interstellar object discovered within our Solar System — has been the subject of intense scrutiny since its discovery in October 2017. Now, by combining data from the ESO’s Very Large Telescope and other observatories, an international team of astronomers has found that the object is moving faster than predicted. The measured gain in speed is tiny and `Oumuamua is still slowing down because of the pull of the Sun — just not as fast as predicted by celestial mechanics.

The team, led by Marco Micheli (European Space Agency) explored several scenarios to explain the faster-than-predicted speed of this peculiar interstellar visitor. The most likely explanation is that `Oumuamua is venting material from its surface due to solar heating — a behaviour known as outgassing. The thrust from this ejected material is thought to provide the small but steady push that is sending `Oumuamua hurtling out of the Solar System faster than expected — as of 1 June 2018 it is traveling at roughly 114 000 kilometres per hour.

Such outgassing is a behaviour typical for comets and contradicts the previous classification of `Oumuamua as an interstellar asteroid. “We think this is a tiny, weird comet,” commented Marco Micheli. “We can see in the data that its boost is getting smaller the farther away it travels from the Sun, which is typical for comets.”

The team tested several hypothesis to explain the unexpected change in speed. They analyzed if solar radiation pressure, the Yarkovsky effect, or friction-like effects could explain the observations. It was also checked if the gain in speed could have been caused by an impulse event (such as a collision), by `Oumuamua being a binary object or by `Oumuamua being a magnetised object. The unlikely theory that `Oumuamua is an interstellar spaceship was also rejected: the facts that the smooth and continuous change in speed is not typical for thrusters and that the object is tumbling on all three axis speak against it being an artificial object.

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Mysterious People and Tales of InterPlanetary Travel

by Brent Swancer            March 3, 2018             (mysteriousuniverse.org)

• Throughout the years, people have claimed to have traveled between planets through space by various means. Here are some of those accounts.

• In 1936, a woman named Dana Howard made contact with an 8-foot tall, golden-haired woman from Venus who called herself Diane. The Venusian took her aboard a gem-studded, translucent spaceship and they traveled to Venus. On Venus were inhabitants of ethereal physical beauty who manipulated life essences to heal themselves, and had teleportation technology. Howard eventually married a (male) Venusian and had children who were raised on Venus. She describes her adventures in a series of books published during the 1950’s, assisted by Diane the Venusian.

• In the 1950’s, Howard Menger claimed to have made several trips aboard UFOs into the solar system. He visited Venus with its groves of redwood-like trees, the Moon with its domes and hover trains, and even Menger’s home planet, Saturn. While on Saturn, Menger learned that he had died and had his consciousness beamed into 1-year-old Earthling Howard Menger. Later, Menger would claim that it was all an illusion implanted into his mind by the CIA.

• In 1952, George Adamski made contact with a beautiful, blonde-haired, blue-eyed Venusian named Orthon in the Mojave Desert. Adamski made numerous trips to both Venus and the Moon aboard a giant bell-shaped spacecraft. He described the Moon as having forests, cities, mountains, and lights that glittered in the air like “millions of fireflies.”

• In 1774, Swedish philosopher and scientist Emanuel Swedenborg claimed that God had given him the ability to open his mind to speak with angels or demons, and to make psychic journeys across Heaven, Hell, and other parts of the solar system. Swedenborg noted that Mars, the Moon, Mercury, Saturn, Jupiter, and Venus each had their own unique civilizations. The Martians were hairless humanoid beings who wore tree bark for clothing and lived in a Utopian society with no crime or war. On Venus there were two races of people, one peaceful and the other malevolent. Saturn contained a race of humble people who buried their dead by covering the bodies with leaves. The Moon had a race of stout dwarves with booming voices. While the people of Mercury were serious thinkers who wore tight-fitting clothing, people on Jupiter were jokesters who liked to walk on their hands.

• In the late 1800’s, the Denton family of England could see past events in vivid detail simply by touching historical objects or fossils. They used this power to project themselves to other parts of the solar system. Denton’s son visited Venus to find numerous strange animals, massive trees shaped like mushrooms, and water that was “heavy but not wet.” The Dentons also visited Mars where yellow-haired people with four fingers possessed fantastical flying machines. On Jupiter they encountered beings with large blue eyes and long blonde hair who had the ability to levitate in the air.

• In 1906, Sackville G. Leyson astral projected to Mars which he found shrouded in red clouds and mist. And odd un-cold snow-like substance fell from these clouds and made the ground soft. The planet was populated by two different types of beings. One type were hulking, hairy, one-eyed giants with elephant-like ears and the nose of a lion, who lived in rock huts above ground. The other were two-foot tall dwarves with webbed hands and feet, a fish-like face with no nose and bulbous eyes on the sides of their heads, who lived underground and had the ability to scale sheer walls.

• More recently, a psychic named Ingo Swann (who died in 2013), was expert at remote viewing (out of body travel). He remote traveled to Mercury and discovered that it had a thin atmosphere with constantly shifting lights akin to the Aurora Borealis. Several week after Swann’s visit, the Mariner 10 space probe passed Mercury to find that it was very much as Swann had described, with magnetic poles and an atmosphere. Swann remotely visited Jupiter and described it as a frigid place with raging tornadoes and a poisonous atmosphere possessing a myriad of colors like a “giant fireworks display”. He related that the planet had strong magnetic forces and a 30,000-foot-high mountain range. Eight months later, the Pioneer 10 probe passed Jupiter and found many of these descriptions to be true. American astronaut Edgar Mitchell stated that “[Swann’s] impressions of Mercury and Jupiter cannot be dismissed. Dr. J. Allen Hynek said “[Swann’s] impressions of Jupiter, along with his experience with Mercury, most certainly point the way to more experimentation.” On the other hand, science fiction author Isaac Asimov and cosmologist Carl Sagan dismissed Swann’s findings outright.

• Finally, in 2014, Randy Cramer, aka Captain Kaye, claimed to having spent 17 years on Mars as part of a military defense force protecting an Earth-based colony called Aries Prime. Cramer said that Mars has a balmy but pleasant climate and breathable atmosphere.

 

For as long as we have looked up at the stars and wondered about what lies beyond that vast, black void between us there has been the yearning to set out and explore the reaches past our planet, solar system, and beyond. We as a species have spent vast quantities of money and time towards this end, and yet at this moment we are confined to a relatively small region around our own planet. Yet throughout the years there have been those who have claimed to have actually done what we desire, and have reportedly managed to travel between planets. Whether it be by space ship, teleportation, or other mysterious means, such bizarre reports claim that free travel amongst the cosmos is not only possible, but that it has already happened. Here are some of the weirder of these.

Perhaps the most common way that people have claimed to have been whisked off around the solar system is the old-fashioned way; aboard some sort of alien spacecraft. One early account of this type was the deeply odd story of a Dana Howard, who in 1936 allegedly made contact with a towering, 8-foot tall, golden haired woman from Venus who called herself Diane. Howard claims that the Venusian took her aboard a spaceship, described as being gem-studded and translucent, and she was flown off to the distant Venus. There she found inhabitants of ethereal physical beauty, who manipulated life essences to heal themselves and had teleportation technology.

Howard would even claim to have married a Venusian and to have had children living there. She went on to describe Venus and its people in great detail over the years in numerous books, including My Flight to Venus (1954), Diane: She Came From Venus (1956), Over the Threshold (1957), and Vesta, the Earthborn Venusian (1959), all of which were purportedly helped along by the occasional visits from the mysterious Diane.

Another apparent traveler to Venus was Howard Menger, who in the 1950s claimed to have had frequent contact with extraterrestrials from when he was a child, and to have made several trips out into the solar system aboard UFOs over the years. He reportedly went to Venus, with its groves of huge redwood-like trees, as well as to the Moon, which apparently had advanced domes and hover trains, and Saturn, where he would claim he had originally been born as a man named Sol du Naro, who had been romantically involved with a woman from Venus. According to Menger, while on Saturn he had learned that he had died and then had his consciousness beamed into 1-year-old Howard Menger, after which he had grown up as an Earthling. Menger wrote several books about his completely bonkers tales, and made quite a splash in UFOlogy at the time. Making it all even weirder is that he would later claim that none of it had happened at all, and that it was all an illusion implanted into his mind during CIA mind control experiments. Again, whether any of it is real or not, it sure is a wild ride.

Even more well-known is the tale of Polish immigrant George Adamski, who in 1952 apparently made contact with a Nordic-looking Venusian named Orthon in the Mojave Desert. Adamski would then allegedly make numerous trips to both Venus and the Moon aboard a giant bell-shaped spacecraft. The people of Venus were said to have blonde hair, blue eyes, and to be very beautiful, and the moon was described as having forests, cities, and mountains, as well as lights that glittered in the air like “millions of fireflies.” Although Adamski’s stories are mostly accused of being cheap knock-offs of pulp science fiction stories, he has nevertheless gone on to become one of the more well-known UFO contactees.

Some claims of strange travels around the solar system were not done aboard any sort of space craft, but rather through supposed mental powers, psychic projection, or other mystical means. One of the earliest and weirdest of such reports is the case of the Swedish philosopher, inventor, scientist, and mystic, Emanuel Swedenborg, who claimed that in 1774 he had a potent spiritual awakening. During this time, he said he gained the power to open his mind to speak with angels or demons, and to make psychic journeys, an ability which he used to travel across Heaven, Hell, and to other parts of the solar system, not through the power of any technology, but through the power of God.

Swedenborg claimed that he had been guided along on this journey by God and angels, and that he saw many wondrous things in other parts of our universe. Among his many detailed accounts, some of the more interesting are what he claimed to have seen in our solar system. He said that he had visited Mars, the Moon, Mercury, Saturn, Jupiter, and Venus, and that each of these places had their own unique civilizations. The Martians were described as being totally without body hair and wearing tree bark for clothing. They apparently lived in a peaceful Utopian society where there was no crime or war. On Venus there were claimed to be two races of people, a benevolent, peaceful tribe, and another dedicated to violence, war, and thievery. Saturn had its humble people who lived simple lives and buried their dead by covering the bodies with leaves, and the Moon had a race of stout dwarves with booming voices. The people of Mercury were said to wear tight-fitting clothing and to be stern and serious deep thinkers and philosophers, while the population of Jupiter were jovial jokesters and liked to walk about on their hands.

All of these things were explained in meticulous detail in Swedenborg’s writings of his experiences, and although it seems pretty obvious now that there are no such beings as far as we know on any of these planets, at the time it was eaten up by those who followed him and it captured the imagination. He would spend the rest of his life trying to fulfill what he saw as his mission from God to reform Christianity, and he would publish a total of 18 tomes to this effect, the most well-known being his book The Heavenly Doctrine. Did he see any of this at all, perhaps existing in an alternate dimension or reality, or is this all the ramblings of a delusional mind?

In the late 19th century we have the account of the Denton family of England, who were claimed to have the power of psychometry, which means they could basically hold or touch an object and divine facts about it. In the case of William Denton and his family, they could see past events in vivid detail simply from touching historical objects or fossils, and some of them even claimed to have used this power to project themselves to other parts of the solar system. Denton’s son claimed that he had visited Venus and seen numerous strange and wondrous animals, as well as massive trees shaped like mushrooms and water that was “heavy but not wet.” Other members of the family and Denton himself supposedly visited Mars, which had yellow-haired people with four fingers who possessed fantastical flying machines, as well as Jupiter, whose inhabitants apparently had large blue eyes, long flowing blonde hair, and the ability to float through the air at will. Although the Dentons could have very well been attention seeking cranks, it is all very outlandish and entertaining nevertheless.

In the early 1900s there was also the purported 1906 psychic journey of a Sackville G. Leyson, who happened to be the president of the “Society for Psychical Research” at the time. Through astral projection, Leyson said he had managed to travel to Mars, of which he gave a quite detailed description. According to Leyson, the landscape was perpetually shrouded in red clouds and mist, and there was an odd substance like snow that often fell, but which was not cold and made the ground soft. He said that the planet was populated by two different races of beings with vastly different physical appearances. One was a race of hulking giants covered in hair, who towered over him and had a single eye in the middle of their foreheads, elephant-like ears, the nose of a lion, and who lived in rock huts aboveground. There was also claimed to be a smaller race of dwarves, who only came up to Leyson’s knees. These diminutive creatures supposedly lived in underground lairs, had webbed hands and feet, a fish-like face with no nose, bulbous eyes on the sides of their heads, and the ability to scale sheer walls like an insect. It is widely believed that this report was likely a piece of creative journalism, but it is certainly strange enough to warrant mention.

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Planet Nine Could Be Our Solar System’s Missing ‘Super Earth’

by Samantha Mathewson           October 12, 2017           (Space.com)

• NASA has detected an as yet unseen “Planet 9” determined to be 10 times the mass of the Earth and 20 times farther from the Sun than Neptune.

• Caltech astronomers say that this massive planet is causing bodies in our Solar System, including planets, to tilt.

• This could explain why Kuiper Belt objects orbit in the opposite direction from everything else in the solar system.

• The most common type of planets that have been discovered around other stars are rocky “Super Earths”. Planet 9 may be our Solar System’s Super Earth.

• The astronomers plan to search for the mysterious planet using the Subaru Telescope at Mauna Kea Observatory in Hawaii.

 

Planet Nine is out there, and astronomers are determined to find it, according to a new statement from NASA. In fact, mounting evidence suggests it’s hard to imagine our solar system without the unseen world.

The hypothetical planet is believed to be about 10 times more massive than Earth and located in the dark, outer reaches of the solar system, approximately 20 times farther from the sun than Neptune is. While the mysterious world still has yet to be found, astronomers have discovered a number of strange features of our solar system that are best explained by the presence of a ninth planet, according to the NASA statement.

“There are now five different lines of observational evidence pointing to the existence of Planet Nine,” Konstantin Batygin, a planetary astrophysicist at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) in Pasadena, said in the statement. “If you were to remove this explanation and imagine Planet Nine does not exist, then you generate more problems than you solve. All of a sudden, you have five different puzzles, and you must come up with five different theories to explain them.” [The Evidence for ‘Planet Nine’ in Our Solar System (Gallery)]

In 2016, Batygin and co-author Mike Brown, an astronomer at Caltech, published a study that examined the elliptical orbits of six known objects in the Kuiper Belt, a distant region of icy bodies stretching from Neptune outward toward interstellar space. Their findings revealed that all of those Kuiper Belt objects have elliptical orbits that point in the same direction and are tilted about 30 degrees “downward” compared to the plane in which the eight official planets circle the sun, according to the statement.

Using computer simulations of the solar system with a Planet Nine, Batygin and Brown also showed that there should be even more objects tilted a whopping 90 degrees with respect to the solar plane. Further investigation revealed that five such objects were already known to fit these parameters, the researchers said.

Since then, the astronomers have found new evidence that further supports the existence of Planet Nine. With help from Elizabeth Bailey, an astrophysicist and planetary scientist at Caltech, the team showed that Planet Nine’s influence might have tilted the planets of our solar system, which would explain why the zone in which the eight major planets orbit the sun is tilted by about 6 degrees compared to the sun’s equator.

“Over long periods of time, Planet Nine will make the entire solar-system plane precess, or wobble, just like a top on a table,” Batygin said in the statement.

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