Tag: nuclear fusion

Paper on Nuclear Fusion Reactor for Hybrid Spacecraft Published in Prestigious Journal

A major breakthrough has occurred in the scientific community’s almost unanimous skeptical reaction to Dr. Salvator Pais’ patent for a portable nuclear fusion reactor that would power his proposed “Hybrid Aerospace Underwater Craft” – a prestigious engineering journal has published a paper authored by him describing his incredible invention and its applications.

The paper is titled “The Plasma Compression Fusion Device—Enabling Nuclear Fusion Ignition” and it appeared in the November 2019 edition (Vol 47, Issue 11) of the journal, IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science. The journal is published by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, and only publishes articles that are peer reviewed in a blind submission process.

The importance of Pais’ paper being published in such a prestigious journal is that prominent electrical engineers have concluded that his concepts are worthy of being taken seriously even though most scientists, including patent examiners, have expressed outright skepticism about their feasibility.

In a January 22 article describing the publication of Pais’ paper, the Drive’s Brett Tingley interviewed a number of scientists that ridiculed Pais’ ideas as “pseudo-science and empty jargon”. Yet, as Tingley has pointed out previously, the Chief Technology Officer of the Naval Aviation Enterprise, Dr. James Sheehy, firmly supports Pais’ inventions as “operable”, and decades of government research support the feasibility of similar concepts.

Now the IEEE paper adds another level of scientific credibility to Pais’ invention since the anonymous reviewers clearly concluded it was not “pseudo-science and empty jargon”.

In the abstract to his paper, Pais writes:

The plasma compression fusion device (PCFD) generates the energy gain by plasma compression-induced nuclear fusion. This concept has the capability of maximizing the product of plasma pressure and energy confinement time to maximize the energy gain, and thus give rise to fusion ignition conditions….

The concept uses controlled motion of electrically charged matter through accelerated vibration and/or accelerated spin subjected to smooth, yet rapid acceleration transients, to generate extremely high-energy/high-intensity EM radiation (fields of high-energy photons) which not only confines the plasma but also greatly compresses it so as to produce a high power density plasma burn, leading to ignition. The PCFD concept can produce power in the gigawatt to terrawatt range (and higher) with input power in the kilowatt to megawatt range and can possibly lead to ignition (self-sustained) plasma burn. Several important practical engineering and operational issues with operating a device such as the PCFD are discussed.

Pais’ nuclear fusion reactor with a proposed output of 1000 gigawatts (one terrawatt) or even higher, far exceeds the maximum output of the largest nuclear power plant in the US, Palo Verde in Arizona, which produces a paltry four gigawatts in comparison. Indeed, Pais’ invention dwarfs the power supply of the nuclear fission reactors powering the new Gerald Ford Class aircraft carriers, which produce only 0.7 gigawatts (700 megawatts).

Put simply, if Pais’ invention proves to be feasible, then it could virtually end the fossil fuel industry overnight and revolutionize the aerospace industry since it is fully portable.

In fact, Pais proposed the nuclear fusion reactor as the power supply for his “Hybrid Aerospace Underwater Vehicle” he described in an earlier patent granted on December 4, 2018, after it had been earlier turned down by a skeptical examiner. Pais fully intended his nuclear plasma fusion reactor to be used in future generations of air and space craft.

In an earlier article, I discussed how Pais’ nuclear fusion reactor would be capable of powering the kilometer-long spacecraft that several insiders claimed to have been secretly built and deployed as far back as the early 1980s.

According to the late William Tompkins, a former aerospace systems engineer, Nautilus class nuclear powered attack submarines were retrofitted to be able to perform the hybrid maneuvers of underwater, air and space operations in the late 1970s. The retrofitted submarines were used as prototypes for the larger kilometer-sized spacecraft then secretly under construction near the Wasatch Mountains, Utah.

The retrofitting of a nuclear submarine would have required swapping out its nuclear fission reactor, with something far more powerful, like Pais’ nuclear fusion reactor, in order to convert submarines into hybrid water, air and space craft. All this occurred back in the late 1970s, which means that something similar to Pais’ nuclear fusion reactor must have existed at that time and was being secretly used by the US military.

This is where the testimony of David Adair becomes important to understanding the history of the clandestine development and the use of nuclear fusion reactor engines. Adair claims that back in 1971, he built a prototype “electromagnetic fusion containment engine” for a 10-foot rocket he developed with the active support of the US Air Force. Adair says that he was backed by General Curtis LeMay, the former USAF Chief of Staff from 1961 to 1965, who secretly provided Adair with resources and USAF personnel even though he was only 17 at the time on a science project.

Documentary support for Adair’s remarkable testimony comes from local newspaper reports describing the Air Force certificate he won for his 10-foot rocket project. An April 19, 1971 news story from the Mount Vernon News says that his rocket exhibit “has been selected as the most outstanding in the field of engineering sciences”.

Adair’s story was first covered in a 2002 interview with Robert Stanley published in Nexus Magazine. In short, Adair claims that as a result of his success in building a prototype nuclear fusion engine for his 10-foot rocket, he was given access to a much larger “electromagnetic fusion containment engine” at Groom Lake, Nevada (aka Area 51). Adair learned that the engine at Area 51 was extraterrestrial in origin and the Air Force was attempting to reverse engineer it.

While there are differences in the way Adair described the operation of his “electromagnetic fusion containment engine” to Pais description of the operation of his “Plasma Compression Fusion Device”, the similarities are remarkable. Both use electromagnetic energy in unconventional ways to ignite a nuclear fusion process in a portable engine that can generate an enormous energy output.

Adair’s testimony gives us crucial insights into the timeline for the development of nuclear fusion engines using plasma and electromagnetic devices. These were being studied and developed in the early 1970s, making the initial prototypes ready for deployment by the late 1970s – the time Tompkins says that the Navy began deploying its retrofitted Nautilus submarines as hybrid water, air and space craft.

It’s no coincidence that Pais’ inventions are being exposed to the scientific community at the same time that Space Force has been officially created. As detailed in my Secret Space Program book series, both the US Air Force and Navy have a number of antigravity craft that use non-conventional energy systems for their power supply. The most important undoubtedly are the nuclear fusion reactors that are ignited via plasma and electromagnetic devices such as Pais and Adair’s inventions.

The antigravity spacecraft secretly developed by the USAF are being increasingly leaked to the general public as exemplified in photos taken of triangle and rectangle-shaped antigravity craft near MacDill Air Force Base in 2017 and 2018.

Space Force, as discussed in my USAF Secret Space Program (2019), has been created to unveil to the general public the arsenal of spacecraft and weapons that have been developed in classified programs and covertly deployed. This is supported by statements made by the USAF Secretary, Barbara Barrett, in December 2019, when she said the following about classified Air Force technologies:

Declassifying some of what is currently held in secure vaults would be a good idea… You would have to be careful about what we declassify, but there is much more classified than what needs to be.

The publication of Pais’s paper in a prestigious engineering journal in November 2019 is a sure sign that the scientific community is being given advance notice that revolutionary energy systems exist that use unconventional electromagnetic and plasma devices to ignite the nuclear fusion process, and scientists/engineers need to start paying attention.

© Michael E. Salla, Ph.D. Copyright Notice

[Special Note: I will be presenting Dr. Salvator Pais’ revolutionary patents and the relevance to Secret Space Program disclosure at my upcoming Webinar with Portal to Ascension on March 21, 2020. You can register here.]

Further Reading

US Navy Patent for Nuclear Fusion Reactor Supports claims of Mile-Long Space Carriers

The US Navy has authorized the publication of a patent for a nuclear fusion reactor that can both generate enormous quantities of power and yet be small enough to be fitted on mobile platforms, including spacecraft. The patent’s publication supports Whistleblower/Insider claims of mile (1.6 kilometers) long space carriers that have been secretly built and deployed by the Navy since the late 1970s and early 1980s.

The patent application for a “Plasma Compression Fusion Device” was just published on September 26 after being lodged on behalf of the Secretary of the Navy back on March 22, 2019. The inventor is Dr. Salvator Pais, who works at the Naval Air Warfare Center Aircraft Division and has previously lodged other patents on behalf of the Navy concerning a hybrid air, water, and space vehicle propelled and protected by electromagnetic fields.

In the patent description, Dr. Pais explains how his nuclear fusion device differs from similar devices under development:

At present there are few envisioned fusion reactors/devices that come in a small, compact package (ranging from 0.3 to 2 meters in diameter) and typically they use different versions of plasma magnetic confinement. Three such devices are the Lockheed Martin (LM) Skunk Works Compact Fusion Reactor (LM-CFR), the EMC2 Polywell fusion concept, and the Princeton Field-Reversed Configuration (PFRC) machine. […] These devices feature short plasma confinement times, possible plasma instabilities with the scaling of size, and it is questionable whether they have the ability of achieving the break-even fusion condition, let alone a self-sustained plasma burn leading to ignition.

Ignition is the point at which the nuclear fusion process begins generating electrical power in a self-sustaining way through the superheated plasma. Dr. Pais further explains how his device will use electromagnetic fields to ignite the nuclear fusion process:

The plasma compression fusion device utilizes controlled motion of electrically charged matter via accelerated vibration and/or accelerated spin subjected to smooth yet rapid acceleration-deceleration-acceleration transients, in order to generate extremely high energy/high intensity electromagnetic fields. These fields not only confine the plasma core but also greatly compress it (by inducing a high energy negative potential well) so as to produce a high power density plasma burn, leading to ignition.

https://youtu.be/8riezxDFQUQ

The amount of power that could be generated is explained by Brett Tingley and Tyler Rogoway, aerospace researchers at The Drive:

It is claimed in the patent application that this plasma compression fusion device is capable of producing power in the gigawatt (1 billion watts) to terawatt (1 trillion watts) range and above with input power only in the kilowatt (1,000 watts) to megawatt (1,000,000 watts) range. By comparison, America’s largest nuclear power plant, the Palo Verde nuclear power plant in Arizona, generates around 4,000 megawatts (4 gigawatts), and the A1B nuclear reactors designed for the Navy’s Gerald R. Ford-class aircraft carriers generate around 700 megawatts.

Pais’ description makes clear that the nuclear fusion reactor is the power supply for several innovative patent devices that would go into the Hybrid Aerospace Underwater Craft (HAUC) the patent for which was awarded on December 4, 2018.  The HAUC, as previously described, would generate a quantum vacuum field outside the hull, removing all air, water, or other molecules, thereby enabling the craft to rapidly move through the atmosphere, ocean, and space without meeting any resistance.

Remarkably, the HAUC was awarded after the Chief Technology Officer for the Naval Aviation Enterprise, Dr. James Sheehy, intervened in an appeal against a rejection by the patent examiner who viewed the HAUC device as not scientifically feasible due to the need for an extraordinarily high power supply that produces “more electricity than what is produced by nuclear reactors”.

The examiner was referring to “nuclear fission” reactors used by the Navy in its aircraft carrier and submarine fleets, and pointing out that these would not be enough to meet the energy needs of the HAUC.

The nuclear fusion reactor device described in the latest patent application provides an explanation for what would power the HAUC and generate the quantum vacuum around it.

The other patent devices for the operation of HAUC include the “High Frequency Gravitational Wave Generator”(HFGWG) that would provide the craft’s propulsion system by creating gravity waves that would create a surf-ride effect.

Another patent is the “Electromagnetic Field Generator and method to generate an Electromagnetic Field” (EFG) that would generate an electromagnetic shield to protect the craft from missile attacks, Coronal Mass Ejections, and space debris. Importantly, both the HFGWG and EFG would be powered by the nuclear fusion reactor.

Yet another patent is the “Piezoelectricity-induced Room Temperature Superconductor” which can store enormous quantities of electrical energy. This “room temperature superconductor” is what would ultimately store the electrical power produced by the nuclear fusion reactor. The superconductor would also enable the HAUC and other mobile platforms to operate for extended periods if the nuclear fusion reactor went offline, and a back-up power supply had to be used.

For a second time, the Naval Aviation Enterprise’s Dr. Sheehy intervened in support of Dr. Pais when a second patent examiner rejected the room temperature superconductor as scientifically unfeasible. Dr. Sheehy’s letter explained why the superconductor “is operable and enabled via the physics described in the patent application”.

Tingley and Rogoway have extensively covered previous patents granted to Dr. Pais and the controversy over the Navy’s extraordinary interventions in support of his inventions widely regarded by open-source scientists as outlandish.

Tingley and Rogoway speculate on possible explanations for why the Navy has been doing this:

[I]s the Navy building some sort of incredible craft based on science that remains foreign to the larger scientific community? Did they already do this years ago and are just slowly lifting the veil now? Are they clumsily trying to emulate what their pilots are seeing in the field, but can not yet fully explain? Could these patents just represent gross mismanagement of resources on the Navy’s behalf? Or is this all some sort of elaborate disinformation play by the Navy—one that seems to have emerged right in step the rise of major peer-state competition from the likes of Russia and China, and the biggest expansion of advanced aerospace development programs in decades?

Tingley and Rogoway’s question, “Did they already do this years ago and are just slowly lifting the veil now?” takes us directly to the eyewitness testimony of whistleblowers and insiders who claim to have worked on kilometers-long space carriers secretly designed and deployed by the US Navy in the 1970s and 1980s.

William Tompkins’ testimony, in particular, stands out since he claims he designed kilometers long cigar-shaped space carriers while employed at a secret think tank at Douglas Aircraft Company and other leading aerospace corporations from the  1950s to 1970s. What gives Tompkins’ testimony great weight is that he worked directly under Dr. Wolfgang Klemperer, the former chief designer for the US Navy’s flying aircraft carriers, the USS Akron and Macon, built and deployed in the 1930s by the Goodyear-Zeppelin corporation, where he worked at up to 1936.

Importantly, Tompkins claims that before the deployment of these kilometers-long space carriers in the early 1980s, the Navy retrofitted nuclear (fission) powered submarines as prototype spacecraft in the late 1970s. I recently interviewed a chemical engineer, who is still working in the industry and has chosen to remain anonymous, who says he served on a retrofitted nuclear submarine deployed into space in 1979.

If retrofitted nuclear submarines and kilometers-long cigar-shaped space carriers were secretly deployed by the Navy in the late 1970s and early 1980s, as Tompkins claimed, then the power supply needed to lift and propel such craft into Earth orbit would vastly exceed that used by nuclear fission reactors.

As Tingley and Rogoway point out, the nuclear fission reactors in the modern Gerald Ford-class aircraft carriers generate 0.7 gigawatts. This pales in comparison to Pais’s nuclear fusion reactor that can generate up to 1000 gigawatts. A retrofitted nuclear fusion-powered submarine or kilometers-long space carrier could consequently generate sufficient electrical power for the electromagnetic propulsions systems incorporated into these crafts, similar to what Pais proposed for the HAUC.

The US Navy’s publication of a patent application for a nuclear fusion reactor appears to be part of a disclosure process designed to get the aerospace industry and general public ready for future announcements of secret space programs. It’s worth emphasizing that Tompkins and others claims that retrofitted submarines and space carriers were deployed in the 1970s/1980s, is directly supported by the Navy’s acknowledgement that nuclear fusion engines necessary for achieving such a stupendous feat, is a viable technology.

Consequently, the nuclear fusion reactors used in the Navy’s secret space program are over four decades old, which provides a compelling reason for why the Navy is allowing the release of these technologies now.

Critically, by patenting the nuclear fusion reactor and the other revolutionary electromagnetic propulsion technologies released by Pais, the Navy would not only save funds that it would otherwise have to pay companies for the use of such technologies, but also potentially raise enormous revenue in the future to fund its secret space program for decades to come. The Navy’s release of the nuclear fusion reactor patent is an extraordinary event that can revolutionize the aerospace industry and our planet very quickly with cheap and virtually unlimited electrical power.

© Michael E. Salla, Ph.D. Copyright Notice

Further Reading

Lockheed Martin Patents Nuclear Fusion-Powered Fighter Jet

by Tyler Durden            March 31, 2018             (zerohedge.com)

• The Maryland-based defense contractor Lockheed Martin has recently obtained a patent associated with its design for a fully compact fusion reactor that could potentially fit into a fighter jet and revolutionize the aeronautic industry. The prototype system would be the size of a normal shipping container but capable of producing enough energy to power 80,000 residential homes or a Nimitz-class aircraft carrier.

• Nuclear fusion is created when hydrogen gas gets squeezed into four hydrogen nuclei to form one helium atom.

• Lockheed Martin’s Advanced Development Programs, also known as Skunk Works, has been developing the compact fusion reactor since about 2014, with latest reports suggesting the technology could be ready for production by 2019. The revolutionary part is the compact size of the reactor. Instead of taking five years to design and build a concept, it would now take only a few months.

• As the size of the fusion reactor shrinks, it can be mounted on a truck, aircraft, ship, train, spacecraft, submarine, or even small aerial drones. This could revolutionize the entire transportation industry (not to mention military weaponry). “…the compact fusion reactor could take 11kg of fuel in the form of the hydrogen isotopes deuterium and tritium, and run the reactor for an entire year without needing to stop,” said Dr. Thomas McGuire, head of Skunk Works’ Compact Fusion Project.

• The global superpowers know that the first nation to possess these technologies will not just revolutionize their civilian and military programs, but will dictate the future path for civilizations on planet Earth. As such, a new arms race is on.

 

Lockheed Martin has secretly been developing a game-changing compact nuclear fusion reactor that could potentially fit into a fighter jet. The Maryland-based defense contractor recently obtained a patent associated with its design for a fully compact fusion reactor, after filing for the patent in 2014.

If the latest patent from the defense company serves as a benchmark, nuclear fusion technology could revolutionize the aeronautic industry and eventually begin the quantum leap from fossil fuels to compact fusion reactors for the industry.

According to CBS Washington, the prototype system would be the size of a normal shipping container but capable of producing enough energy to power 80,000 residential homes or a Nimitz-class aircraft carrier, sometime in the next year or so.

The patent, tilted “Encapsulating Magnetic Fields for Plasma Confinement,” is dated Feb. 15, 2018. CBS indicates that Skunk Works, also known as Lockheed Martin’s Advanced Development Programs or its advanced R&D group, has reportedly been developing the compact fusion reactor since about 2014, with latest reports suggesting the technology could be ready for production by 2019.

Nuclear fusion is the same process of what happens to hydrogen gas in the core of the Sun. Hydrogen gas gets squeezed into four hydrogen nuclei combine to form one helium atom; thus, nuclear fusion is created.

Lockheed said, “Our concept will mimic that process within a compact magnetic container and release energy in a controlled fashion to produce power we can use.” Here is how Lockheed describes nuclear fusion power: Lockheed indicates that the compact size of the reactor has induced a technology revolution, which instead of taking “five years to design and build a concept, it takes only a few months.”

“The compact size is the reason that we believe we will be able to create fusion technology quickly. The smaller the size of the device, the easier it is to build up momentum and develop it faster. Instead of taking five years to design and build a concept, it takes only a few months. If we undergo a few of these testing and refinement cycles, we will be able to develop a prototype within the same five year timespan.”

As the technology advances, the size of the fusion reactor shrinks. Lockheed has dropped the bombshell and indicated the reactor could be ready to mount on “a truck, aircraft, ship, train, spacecraft, or submarine.” Across the board, Lockheed could revolutionize the transportation industry in the very near term.

“Some embodiments may provide a fusion reactor that is compact enough to be mounted on or in a vehicle such as a truck, aircraft, ship, train, spacecraft, or submarine. Some embodiments may provide a fusion reactor that may be utilized in desalination plants or electrical power plants.”

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